Should prenatal screening be seen as ‘selective reproduction’? Four reasons to reframe the ethical debate

There are a number of problems with the classification of prenatal screening as a form of ‘selective reproduction’ that has become an increasingly dominant classification scheme in the last decade. (1) Since the term ‘selection’ implies choosing one out of several (at least two), it misdescribes the decision to terminate a pregnancy. (2) Deciding whether to have this child is a decision taken within the relationships that constitute the pregnancy. (3) ‘Selection’ is a loaded term, connecting prenatal diagnosis to negative eugenics or to population genetics. (4) Deciding against the birth of a child who would suffer or would not be able to flourish is a decision taken within a negotiation of personal responsibilities and social constraints. The characterization of prenatal screening as selective reproduction is, in a very narrow way, defensible to reconstruct why prenatal screening is permissible in a liberal state and should not be banned, but it needs to be rejected as a general frame for understanding the substance of the ethical issues around prenatal diagnosis and screening. Ethics should rather attempt to create a respectful space of mutual understandings and reflect how women and couples, who are ultimately responsible for these decisions, perceive their responsibilities in care.

Nonlocal problem with the integral condition for a loaded heate equation

В работе рассмотрена нелокальная задача с интегральным условием для нагруженного уравнения теплопроводности, где нагруженное слагаемое представляет собой производную второго порядка от неизвестной функции в начале координат. Доказано существование и единственность регулярного решения. С помощью функции Грина и тепловых потенциалов доказанао существование регулярного решения исследуемой задачи. Доказательство основано на редукции поставленной задачи к интегральному уравнению Вольтерра второго рода со слабой особенностью. Из разрешимости полученных интегральных уравнений Вольтерра следует существование единственного решения поставленной задачи. In this paper, we consider a non-local problem with the integral condition for the loaded heat equation, where the loaded term is a derivative of the second order from an unknown function at the origin. The existence and uniqueness of a regular solution is proven. Using the Green’s functions and thermal potentials, the existence of a regular solution to this problem is proved. The proof is based on the reduction of the formulated problem to the second kind Volterra integral equation with a weak singularity. The solvability of the obtained Volterra integral equations implies the existence of a unique solution to the problem.

To solving the fractionally loaded heat equation

In this paper we consider a boundary value problem for a fractionally loaded heat equation in the class of continuous functions. Research methods are based on an approach to the study of boundary value problems, based on their reduction to integral equations. The problem is reduced to a Volterra integral equation of the second kind by inverting the differential part. We also carried out a study the limit cases for the fractional derivative order of the term with a load in the heat equation of the boundary value problem. It is shown that the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the integral equation depends on the order of the fractional derivative in the loaded term.

Solvability of BVPs for the Parabolic-Hyperbolic Equation with Non-linear Loaded Term

This work is devoted to prove the existence and uniqueness of solution of BVP with non-local assumptions on the boundary and integral gluing conditions for the parabolic-hyperbolic type equation involving Caputo derivatives. Using the method of integral energy, the uniqueness of solution have been proved. Existence of solution was proved by the method of integral equations

NON STABILITY ON BASIS PROPERTY OF SYSTEMS ROOT VECTORS OF A LOADED MULTIPLE DIFFERENTIATION OPERATOR

In this paper we consider perturbations of a second order differential equation of the spectral problem with a loaded term, containing a value of the unknown function at the point zero, with regular, but not strongly regular boundary value conditions. Question about basis property of eigen functions and associated functions (E&AF) systems of a loaded multiple differentiation operator is studied. In the case of non-self-adjoint ordinary differential operators, the basis property of systems of eigen functions and associated functions (E&AF), in addition to the boundary value conditions, can be affected by values of coefficients of the differential operator. Moreover, it is known that the basic properties of E&AF can be changed at a small change of values of the coefficients. This fact was first noted in Il’in V.A. In this paper problem non stability on basis property of systems root vectors of a loaded multiple differentiation operator.

Cauchy problem fore one loaded wave equation

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the loaded wave equation. Under this investigation, the loaded term falls on the characteristic of the equation, which differs, from other studied equations. The solution of the Cauchy problem is written out explicitly.

Dimensions of Literature and Journalism, History, Ideology and Culture

Literature is a hugely loaded term that brings within its ambit a variety of concerns ranging from philosophy to journalism as there is almost a photo finish between what is construed as journalism and what is commonly and widely presumed literature. Adding interactive or writing multi-platform stories/literature/fiction is quickly becoming a new craft of publishing onto itself and a tool for writers to use. The media field could be very different in coming years---or it could still be just a bunch of promotional tie-tins. The dimensions of literature breach boundaries to conform to the possibilities of generating discourses on issues of humanitarian concerns. Hemingway, Dos Passos, Dickens and Thackeray came to the writing of fiction through journalism. Psychology and Philosophy have given the edges to literature as the likes of James Joyce, Joseph Conrad and Virginia Woolf. Journalism aided the growth of imperial culture and simultaneously provoking a debate between the East and West, between the Fascist and the Liberals and between the Diary of A young Girl and Tin Drum and again between what Bertolt Brecht did in Germany to stave off the last remains of Nazism though diced up in ruins. The difference lies in the manner of treating its shades and colors.

Difference, whiteness and the group analytic matrix: An integrated formulation

I am a black woman. This statement may trigger various responses and, perhaps even the urge to disengage. Nonetheless I write it as a social fact. Firstly, to forewarn the reader that the lifeworld they are about to enter may well challenge theirs and, to correct potential erroneous, normative, racial and gendered assumptions. I trust readers will stay with any potential discomfort. Read on. And, reflect upon it at the end of the article. I am too a psychologist and aspiring group analyst. This social and professional positioning means that I have heard many conversations on ‘difference’ where I, and others whose bodies look like mine, have been placed under the deforming microscope of the white gaze, for the alleged edification of my peers, one of the most objectifying encounter I continue to experience. There is a long history within western epistemic, ontological and other scholarly pursuits of normalizing whiteness, of regarding those ‘deviating’ from it as ‘different’ and, of subjecting them/us to investigation, curiosity and/or exoticisation. Ultimately, to consumption. Group analysis is no exception. Difference is a historically loaded term built on the brutality of white masculinist and heteronormative social constructions and thus, on the enactment of power related violence. Central to formulating the function of ‘difference’ and of such brutality between individuals and groups, is the group analytic concept of the matrix. Foulkes (1973), conceptualized it as a hypothetical web of communication and relationships providing the group a shared ground of meaning and significance. This article aims to critically examine the concept of the matrix with reference to race and specifically, to whiteness. It argues that fixating difference onto people of colour, serves fundamental functions for whiteness by linking this process to Foulkes’ concept of location of disturbance. In the second part, the group matrix and whiteness are considered. Finally, using various vignettes, a formulatory framework is suggested to illustrate how whiteness may be reproduced within different levels of the group matrix.