DISTRIBUTION OF SIVERS APPLES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE TARBAGATAI STATE NATIONAL NATURAL PARK

The current task in the study of Malus sieversii is the balanced use and protection, conservation, reforestation of the vegetation cover. Malus sieversii is a valuable gene pool on the territory of the State National Natural Park «Tarbagatai», therefore, the study, preservation of its form diversity is necessary for modern and future breeding, reforestation, afforestation. In order to preserve Malus sieversii in its original form, phenological monitoring of environmental, anthropogenic, natural and climatic factors of conditions affecting it is carried out and studied. An important role in increasing the productivity, quality and sustainability of Malus sieversii plantings is played by methods of conducting phenological monitoring control throughout the year, for many years.

Phenological monitoring of subtropic plants in Lenkoran-astarin region of Azerbaijan on infections by false sheets (Ceroplastes destructor Newstead, 1917; C. japonicus Green, 1921)

The article presents the results of studies on the distribution of two types of false shields (Ceroplastes destructor Newstead, 1917; Ceroplastes japonicus Green, 1921) in the Lenkoran-Astara region of Azerbaijan conducted during 2017-2019. The timing of the development of individual stages of the pest, the number of generations, trophic connections and the degree of infection of plants by them are established. Wintering stages have been established. It was noted that C. destructor affects 6 species, and C. japonicus affects 8 species of citrus and subtropical plants belonging to 5 families. It has been established that C. destructor in the south of Azerbaijan can develop in the open ground in 1 generation, and in closed ground in I, II or II ? generations. In 2019, the highest degree of infection with both types of pests was observed.

An overview of in situ digital canopy photography in forestry

Since the 1960s, canopy photography has been widely used in forestry. Hemispherical photography has been the most widely used technique, but a great drawback of this method is its perceived sensitivity to hemispherical image acquisition and processing. Over the last decade, several alternative photographic approaches using restricted view angle have been proposed. Cover photography acquired via a normal lens was the first of the recently introduced photographic techniques. Use of a restricted view (often fixed) lens has subsequently contributed to the extension of canopy photography to new sensors and platforms, which ultimately have provided answers to some previous challenges regarding within-crown clumping correction, isolated and urban tree measurements, understory assessment, operational leaf inclination angle measurements, and phenological monitoring. This study provides a comprehensive review of the use of canopy photography in forestry and describes the theory and definitions of the variables used to quantify canopy structure. A case study is presented to illustrate and compare the different features and performance of the existing overstory photographic techniques; the results make it possible to suggest sampling strategies for consistent overstory canopy photographic measurements. Emerging operational fields of canopy photography are also described and discussed.

Fenologia de samambaias e licófitas no Brasil: uma abordagem metodológica e ecológica

Samambaias são plantas vasculares sem sementes que se distribuem em uma variedade de ecossistemas, dos trópicos à região boreal e ocupam desde o estrato herbáceo até o arborescente. Fenologia é uma ciência ambiental integrativa que estuda os eventos vegetativos e reprodutivos das plantas e a sua relação com o clima. Estudos fenológicos com samambaias têm sido realizados ao longo do território brasileiro há cerca de 36 anos, com plantas monitoradas principalmente nas regiões sul e nordeste do país. Diversos enfoques podem ser dados ao monitoramento fenológico, visando entender a influência do clima no desencadeamento das fenofases, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas. Desta forma, por meio de extensa revisão na literatura científica, este artigo objetiva abordar e construir um cenário fenológico brasileiro para as espécies de samambaias e licófitas monitoradas no país, além de compilar as abordagens metodológicas necessárias para alcançar as respostas fenológicas dessas plantas, assim como novas perspectivas de pesquisa e lacunas no campo do conhecimento a serem preenchidas. Fern and lycophyte phenology in Brazil: a methodological and ecological approach A B S T R A C TFerns are seedless vascular plants that are found from tropics to boreal region and occupy from understory to arborescent strata. Phenology is an integrative environmental science that studies the vegetative and reproductive events of plants and their relation to the climate. Phenological studies with ferns have been carried out along Brazilian territory for about 36 years, with plants monitored mainly in the southern and northeastern regions of the country. Several approaches can be given to phenological monitoring, in order to understand the influence of climate on the triggers of phenophases, the growth and development of plants. Thus, through an extensive review in the scientific literature, this article aims to approach and to construe a Brazilian phenological scenario for the fern and lycophyte species monitored in the country. In addition, to compile the methodological approaches necessary to reach the phenological responses of these plants, as well as new research perspectives and to indicate gaps in the field of knowledge to be fulfilled. Key-words: Climate, Phenophase, Monitoring.

[Chromatographic auxanometry and GC-MS-auxanometry in forest plant species vegetation phenological monitoring based on flavor and gas chemistry principles with automatic pattern recognition (climatic, meteorological, taxonomic and phenospectral)]

Gradov O. V. Chromatographic auxanometry and GC-MS-auxanometry in forest plant species vegetation phenological monitoring based on flavor and gas chemistry principles with automatic pattern recognition (climatic, meteorological, taxonomic and phenospectral) // Optimization and Protection of Ecosystems. Simferopol: TNU, 2014. Iss. 10. P. 30–45. [Градов О. В. Хромато-ауксанометрія і хромато-мас-ауксанометрія у фенологічному стадійному моніторингу лісових порід на основі флейво- та газохімічних принципів з автоматичною динамічною ідентифікацією патернів (таксономічних, метеоролого-кліматичних і феноспектральних // Экосистемы, их оптимизация и охрана. — 2014. — Т. 10, № 29. — С. 30–45].