PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK REVERSE LENS DALAM PEMOTRETAN FOTOGRAFI MAKRO

Something that we don't normally see whether because of something we rarely find or indeed we often find, but we pay less attention in depth because it might be of a size that is too small so it doesn't 'steal' our attention. Large and clear details are common when we observe things, especially objects around us. Butwhat if we want something that is more and less exposed because of its small size. Many simple things are used such as by bringing our eyes closer to the object to use tools such as a magnifying glass or even a microscope if it is needed. Raising a small subject is actually not unusual in the world of photography. The term photography in photography is called macro photography, which is shooting with small objects or subjects with the help of lenses or special tools so that the small-looking subject will appear large and the details of the subject will be unclear. For some people photography equipment might be considered expensive compared to mobile phones that have been equipped with cameras, especially when discussing equipment related to macro photography. Basically, macro shooting is the same as ordinary shooting, but the lens andsupporting equipment are slightly different. Especially lenses that do require a macro lens that has a tight focal point and are relatively expensive in price. But now there are many different converters for macro photography that are mounted on a normal lens, although the quality will indeed be different when we use an actual macro lens. In this study the author will put more emphasis on macro photography using the Reverse Lens technique. Reverse Lens is a technique by reversing the normal lens position and attaching it to the camera body mounting. Because reversing the lens mount requires an adapter so that it can be installed in the camera body so the shooting process will be more comfortable. Hopefully this research can provide useful results and interesting photography.

Etv transcription factors functionally diverge from their upstream FGF signaling in lens development

The signal regulated transcription factors (SRTFs) control the ultimate transcriptional output of signaling pathways. Here, we examined a family of FGF-induced SRTFs – Etv1, Etv 4, and Etv 5 – in murine lens development. Contrary to FGF receptor mutants that displayed loss of ERK signaling and defective cell differentiation, Etv deficiency augmented ERK phosphorylation without disrupting the normal lens fiber gene expression. Instead, the transitional zone for lens differentiation was shifted anteriorly as a result of reduced Jag1-Notch signaling. We also showed that Etv proteins suppresses mTOR activity by promoting Tsc2 expression, which is necessary for the nuclei clearance in mature lens. These results revealed the functional divergence between Etv and FGF in lens development, demonstrating that these SRTFs can operate outside the confine of their upstream signaling.

Tetrapod Automaton in the Shamble’s Management with the Fish Eye Lens Pi Cam

Automation Is The Future Technology, Without This Most Of The Technologies Are Implausible. This Paper Is All About The Tetrapod Robot Which Is The Four Legged Robot That Could Be Used In The Shamble’s Management Application. This Robot Has Four Legs For Kinesis. The Motion Of The Legs Is Achieved By The Concept Of Inverse Kinematics. The Servo Motors Are Making The Bot To Drive. The Arduino UNO Is Used To Send Signals. It Has I 2C (Inter Integrated Circuits) Interface. It Has Two Signals. They Are Serial Clock Line Signal And Serial Data Line For Master Slave Communication. The Main Motive Of This Bot Is To Make It Walk Under The Disaster Areas Where Human Intervention Is Challenging. It Takes Live Images And Streams Video In The Disaster Areas. The Image Capturing And Video Streaming Is Achieved Using Raspberry Pi Fisheye Lens Camera Module. It Provides A Slight Image Difference In The Field Of View Compared To The Usage Of Normal Lens. The Resolution Of This Camera Is 5megapixels.The Advantage Of Using This Bot Is For Implementing It Under Impossible Human Intervention. It Moves In Any Bleak Surfaces Which The Maneuvered Robot Cannot Get The Stability. The Legged Robot Gets Its Stability Due To The Arrangement Of Legs With The Chassis Taking The Center Of Gravity Into Consideration.

An overview of in situ digital canopy photography in forestry

Since the 1960s, canopy photography has been widely used in forestry. Hemispherical photography has been the most widely used technique, but a great drawback of this method is its perceived sensitivity to hemispherical image acquisition and processing. Over the last decade, several alternative photographic approaches using restricted view angle have been proposed. Cover photography acquired via a normal lens was the first of the recently introduced photographic techniques. Use of a restricted view (often fixed) lens has subsequently contributed to the extension of canopy photography to new sensors and platforms, which ultimately have provided answers to some previous challenges regarding within-crown clumping correction, isolated and urban tree measurements, understory assessment, operational leaf inclination angle measurements, and phenological monitoring. This study provides a comprehensive review of the use of canopy photography in forestry and describes the theory and definitions of the variables used to quantify canopy structure. A case study is presented to illustrate and compare the different features and performance of the existing overstory photographic techniques; the results make it possible to suggest sampling strategies for consistent overstory canopy photographic measurements. Emerging operational fields of canopy photography are also described and discussed.

Universal artificial intelligence platform for collaborative management of cataracts

PurposeTo establish and validate a universal artificial intelligence (AI) platform for collaborative management of cataracts involving multilevel clinical scenarios and explored an AI-based medical referral pattern to improve collaborative efficiency and resource coverage.MethodsThe training and validation datasets were derived from the Chinese Medical Alliance for Artificial Intelligence, covering multilevel healthcare facilities and capture modes. The datasets were labelled using a three-step strategy: (1) capture mode recognition; (2) cataract diagnosis as a normal lens, cataract or a postoperative eye and (3) detection of referable cataracts with respect to aetiology and severity. Moreover, we integrated the cataract AI agent with a real-world multilevel referral pattern involving self-monitoring at home, primary healthcare and specialised hospital services.ResultsThe universal AI platform and multilevel collaborative pattern showed robust diagnostic performance in three-step tasks: (1) capture mode recognition (area under the curve (AUC) 99.28%–99.71%), (2) cataract diagnosis (normal lens, cataract or postoperative eye with AUCs of 99.82%, 99.96% and 99.93% for mydriatic-slit lamp mode and AUCs >99% for other capture modes) and (3) detection of referable cataracts (AUCs >91% in all tests). In the real-world tertiary referral pattern, the agent suggested 30.3% of people be ‘referred’, substantially increasing the ophthalmologist-to-population service ratio by 10.2-fold compared with the traditional pattern.ConclusionsThe universal AI platform and multilevel collaborative pattern showed robust diagnostic performance and effective service for cataracts. The context of our AI-based medical referral pattern will be extended to other common disease conditions and resource-intensive situations.

ENHANCING CLOSE-UP IMAGE BASED 3D DIGITISATION WITH FOCUS STACKING

The 3D digitisation of small artefacts is a very complicated procedure because of their complex morphological feature structures, concavities, rich decorations, high frequency of colour changes in texture, increased accuracy requirements etc. Image-based methods present a low cost, fast and effective alternative because laser scanning does not meet the accuracy requirements in general. A shallow Depth of Field (DoF) affects the image-based 3D reconstruction and especially the point matching procedure. This is visible not only in the total number of corresponding points but also in the resolution of the produced 3D model. The extension of the DoF is a very important task that should be incorporated in the data collection to attain a better quality of the image set and a better 3D model. An extension of the DoF can be achieved with many methods and especially with the use of the focus stacking technique. In this paper, the focus stacking technique was tested in a real-world experiment to digitise a museum artefact in 3D. The experiment conditions include the use of a full frame camera equipped with a normal lens (50mm), with the camera being placed close to the object. The artefact has already been digitised with a structured light system and that model served as the reference model in which 3D models were compared and the results were presented.