The Process of People Gold Mining in Paningkaban Village Banyumas Indonesia

Gold mining in Paningkaban Banyumas conducted by the community is called the People gold mining. At the beginning, many miners from outside the region have involved and transferred of method, technic and knowledge about gold mining to local people. The aim of the study is to identify the existing process of public gold mining. The method of the study is qualitative by using observation and interview. The result showed that the mining process are: 1. Determining the location of mining well; in this determination there are two references; rational and intuition 2. Mining; at this stage, a deep well is drawn about 50-100 meters that leads vertically and horizontally. It is the most high-risk stage because of work accidents that occurred and potentially environment destruction. 3. Pulverization; this stage is classified as the lowest level of difficulty and risk, therefore in this work many woman included. 4. Rolling; in this stage involves enough technology, electrical mechanic and energy with the dynamo and using mercury that potentially contaminate environment. 5. Filtering; this stage is a quite risky because the workers contact directly with mercury. 6. Burning; is the shortest process to separate mercury with gold grains. 7. Sales to local buyer guided by the international gold market in every Thursday.

On the Accumulating Characteristics of Nuclide Cs in Chenopodium Album Linn, the Hyper-Accumulator Plant

Studying and screening nuclide hyper-accumulator plants and their planting methods for rapid and effective radioactive decontamination in the environment is the vital study content of the environmental radioactive contamination rehabilitation and control. This study measures and analyzes the accumulating amount and characteristics of Cs in Chenopodium album Linn by taking Chenopodium album Linn as the experimental material and CsCl solutions at different concentrations as the treatment factors, and applying the technology of pot culture to simulate the natural contaminate environment with radioactive nuclide Cs. The results indicate that the accumulating amount of Cs in Chenopodium album Linn increases as the CsCl concentration rises. The accumulating amount in the above-ground plant parts reaches the highest level of 0.964mg/g DW as the CsCl concentration reaches its highest one of 100mg/Kg; and that in the underground counterparts is 0.306mg/g DW. The accumulating amount of S (of the above-ground plant parts) /R (of the underground counterparts) > 1, having the basic characteristics of Cs hyper-accumulator plants.

Biomass Gasification and its Applications at Home

Bioenergy is a renewable energy with such advantages as low cost, simple construction, and it is also quite economic and effective. The bioenergy application directly displaces greenhouse gas emissions and does not contaminate environment. Based on these characteristics, biomass as a source of bioenergy has been attracting much more concern in recent years. This paper aims to introduce mechanism of biomass gasification, types of gasifiers, applications and research progress at home.

SIMULTANEOUS MULTI-ELEMENT (INCLUDING FLUORINE) ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS BIO-MEDICAL SAMPLES

We have measured fluorine concentration in samples taken from humans, such as sweat, saliva, snivel and tear in addition to hair, nail and urine, together with those of other elements by means of a three-detector measuring system. Fluorine has been known as one of the most toxic elements as well as arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium which contaminate environment over the wide area. This system allowed us to discuss about fluorine concentration related to other elements'. A standard-free method established by us has been applied to quantitative analyses of these samples. By means of these methods, quantitative analysis becomes possible for samples of less than 1mg or 1μl and it is quite suited to tear, snivel and sweat. As one of the conclusion, sweat, snivel and tear give useful information in addition to the samples which have been traditionally analyzed. It is found that titanium concentration in a body is well estimated by analyses of sweat, snivel and saliva, arsenic concentration can be estimated by sweat analysis in addition to urine analysis, and nickel is well evaluated by sweat and tear. In this way, it is required to estimate elemental concentration in a human body by measuring various clinical samples. Especially, correlation between fluorine and arsenic is found in a few bio-medical samples.