Asymmetries in Path expression in Ye’kwana

Ye’kwana is an Amazonian language of the Cariban family spoken by a group of about 8,700 people in Venezuela and Brazil. This paper explores the expression of Path in spontaneous motion events based on spoken data collected for the documentation and description of the language including data collected with the Trajectoire elicitation material (Ishibashi et al. 2006). In Ye’kwana, Path is mainly expressed by postpositional and adverbial stems: there is a rich inventory of 80 postpositions all compatible with locative and either allative or perlative uses and 29 spatial adverbs, most of deictic nature. Source is expressed with a dedicated suffix (-nno) which combines with almost all the spatial postpositions and adverbs. The data show that the asymmetries in the expression of Path are not only found between Source and Goal but also need to include the expression of Medium for which the language has dedicated forms.

Source-Goal asymmetries in Ese Ejja

Ese Ejja (Takanan) is an endangered language spoken in the Bolivian and Peruvian lowlands. The paper examines the expression of Source and Goal in this Amazonian language and focuses on three types of Source-Goal asymmetries. The first asymmetry concerns the higher number of Goal adnominals than of Source adnominals. Linked to this morphological asymmetry, the second asymmetry is semantic: Goal adnominals display a [± human] distinction absent from Source markers. In addition, the two Goal adnominals are dedicated while the only adnominal that encodes Source may also encode Median. In fact, the unambiguous (and most frequent expression) of Source requires a biclausal strategy, which accounts for the third type of asymmetry, at the syntactic level. The discussion is based on firsthand data including both spontaneous and elicited data, mostly obtained with Trajectoire, a visual methodological tool designed to collect Path expression.

Moving along paths in space and time

In cognitive linguistics, motion metaphors of time (e.g.Christmas is approaching, We left the crisis behind) have been actively studied during the last decades. In addition to motion verbs, prepositional expressions are an important element in such metaphors. This work combines insights from Cognitive Grammar and Conceptual Metaphor Theory to account for uses of English path prepositions in motion metaphors of time. It is argued that such expressions conceptualize time as a path where amoveris advancing. The nature of themovervaries: it can be an individual entity metaphorically in motion (e.g.We wentTHROUGHa hard winter), an extended period of time (e.g.The period of Daylight Saving Time goes onPASTSeptember), or the temporal profile of a process (e.g.I sleptTHROUGHthe afternoon). The nature of themovercorrelates with the grammatical function of the path expression, which alternates between a complement of a motion verb and a free modifier. Accordingly, the time path can relate with figurative (motion-related) or veridical (duration-related) conceptualizations of time. While a spatial path is direction-neutral, a time path can, with few exceptions, only be scrutinized in the earlier$\rightarrow$later direction.

FOXpath - an expression language for selecting files and folders

A new expression language (FOXpath, short for folder XPath) enables XPath-like addressing of files and folders in a file system. The first version of the language is a modified copy of XPath 3.0, with node navigation removed and file system navigation added. The language is based on the data model XDM 3.0, without assuming any modifications of the model. In a second step, the language was merged back into XPath 3.0, resulting in FOXpath 3.0, which is a superset of XPath 3.0. The new expression language supports node navigation, file system navigation and a free combination of both functionalities within a single path expression. A reference implementation is described, and the possibility of extending the new functionality beyond file systems is discussed.

PLUGIN EXTRATOR PARA VERIFICAÇÃO DE COMPOSIÇÃO PEWS

Os serviços Web se baseiam em troca de mensagens como forma de integração de sistemas distintos que independem de protocolo de comunicação, plataforma e linguagem de programação. O crescimento da quantidade de componentes de software disponíveis na forma de serviços Web faz com que novos sistemas possam ser concebidos a partir da composição dos diversos serviços disponíveis, pois muitas vezes um só serviço não atende às requisições dos usuários, fazendo surgir o SOA - arquitetura orientada a serviços. A linguagem PEWS (Predicate path-Expression for Web Services) é uma linguagem utilizada para especificar a ordem e as restrições condicionais em que as operações de serviços web são executadas A proposta desse trabalho é a da criação de um plugin Extrator que faça parte do PEWS Editor, tendo como principal função, verificar se a relação ente as operações e serviços usadas na composição pela ferramenta front-end são válidas. Após implementação, análise e validação o plugin verificou com sucesso as operações do estudo de caso e que é importante que exista essa verificação, pois, saber se o serviço utilizado na composição realmente disponibiliza aquela operação demostra que a estrutura da composição não está comprometida com operações inexistentes nos serviços.