Conventional versus helical blade screw insertion following the removal of the femoral head screw: a biomechanical evaluation using trochanteric gamma 3 locking nail versus PFN antirotation

Objective When a hip screw needs to be changed, choosing between the conventional (C-type) and helical blade (H-type) types is difficult. In this biomechanical study, we compared these two screw types relative to the type of the initial screw used. Methods C- or H-type screws were inserted (leading screw) in three types of polyurethane bone models (Sawbone, Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc., Washington, USA: 130 × 180 × 40 mm) of different bone mineral densities (pounds per cubic feet [PCF] 5, 80 kg/m3; PCF 10, 160 kg/m3; and PCF 15, 240 kg/m3), and then successively or alternately inserted (following screw) after the leading screw removal. An original model (original C and H) of a leading screw without removal was created as a control. The strengths of resistance to pullout (PO) and rotational stress were measured. For each experimental condition, there were 30 experimental models. Results The original C screw was superior in PO strength, and the original H-type screw was superior in rotational strength. When the C- or H-type screw was the leading screw, using the C-type screw again as the following screw (C1-C2, H1-C2) showed the greatest resistance to PO, and using the H-type screw as the following screw (C1-H2, H1-H2) showed superior resistance to rotational strength. However, the rotational strength of the C2 screw decreased by more than 50% compared with that of the original C screw. Moreover, the PO and rotational strengths of the H2 screw decreased to less than 30% overall compared with those of the original H screw. Conclusion The H-type screw should be used for second-time screw insertion procedures in cases where it is difficult to choose between PO and rotational strengths.

(E)-4-Methyl-1-tributylstannyl-oct-1-en-6-yn-3-ol: Circular Dichroism Measurement and Determination of the Absolute Configuration by Quantum-chemical CD Calculations

3The chiroptical properties of the diastereomeric alcohols (E)-(3S,4S)-4-methyl-1-tributylstannyloct- 1-en-6-yn-3-ol ((S,S)-) and (E)-(3R,4S)-4-methyl-1-tributylstannyl-oct-1-en-6-yn-3-ols ((R,S)- 3) have been studied experimentally as well as by quantum-chemical calculations. The structures of 20 conformers of each isomer, which were found to represent local minima at the MNDO level, have been optimized with density functional theory (DFT). Based on these geometries the excitation energies and oscillator as well as rotational strengths have been calculated using a time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) method. The CD spectra of the compounds were then obtained as superposition of Boltzmann-weighted spectra for each of the structures. By comparison of the calculated and the experimental CD spectra the absolute configurations have been assigned to the investigated compounds.