PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH KOPI (Coffea sp) DENGAN PEMBERIAN KONSENTRASI HORMON GIBERELLIN (GA3) DAN JENIS AIR YANG BERBEDA

<p><em>West Sumatra is one producing coffee area in Indonesia a significant contribution to economy in Indonesian, because production coffee in West Sumatra unstable, it is necessary to expand the area. The propagation plants coffee is carried out in generative manner and needs be optimized with treating gibberellin hormone and water temperature to germination stage of coffee seeds.</em><em>Th</em><em>e </em><em>research</em><em> </em><em>conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory</em><em> </em><em>Faculty</em><em> </em><em>A</em><em>g</em><em>iculture, Andalas University from</em><em> Mei</em><em> to</em><em> Agust</em><em> 202</em><em>1</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Measurement parameters were germination rate (days), normal germination (%), abnormal germination (%) and dead seeds (%). </em><em>The results of observations of germination rate (days), normal germination (%) and abnormal germination (%) showed a significant effect. While the data had no significant effect on the observation of dead seeds (%) in the treatment of gibberellin hormone concentration and treatment of water types, which in the observation of normal sprouts was the highest, namely in the treatment of 400 ppm gibberellin hormone concentration with coconut water (G4J3) of 86.67% and on seed observation. The highest death rate was treatment (G1J2), which was 33.33%. </em></p>

Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Insektisida Nabati Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) dan Daun Sirih Hijau(Piper Betle) terhadap Mortalitas Ulatgrayak (Spodoptera Litura F.)

Ulat grayak merupakan hama polifag karena memiliki kisaran inang yang beragam. Ulat grayak merupakan hama yang penting karena dapat menyebabkan gagal panen jika tidak dilakukan pengendalian. Gejala serangan dimulai pada stadium larva dengan merusak daun yang hanya menyisakan epidermis tipis dan tulang daun, sehingga proses fotosintesis akan terganggu yang menyebabkan produksi tanaman menurun. Untuk mengatasi serangan ulat grayak pada tanaman umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan pestisida kimiawi dan nabati. Ada banyak tanaman yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan pestisida nabati, antara lain daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan ekstrak daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) terhadap mortalitas Spodoptera litura F dan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari kombinasi ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.).dan insektisida nabati daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) dalam pengendalian ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F). Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan Desember 2019 hingga Januari 2020 di Laboratorium POLINELA. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan sehingga didapatkan 28 satuan percobaan. Insektisida nabati yang dikombinasikan dengan daun sirih dan ekstrak daun sirsak berpotensi untuk mengendalikan S. litura F. dengan Konsentrasi terbaik dalam pengendalian S. litura adalah konsentrasi 60% berdasarkan mortalitas ulat grayak dan kecepatan membunuh S. litura F.

Respons Ulatgrayak (Spodoptera litura) Terhadap Lama Perendaman Tembakau Rajang (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Sebagai Insektisida Nabati

Tembakau merupakan tanaman yang mementingkan kualitas daunnya, kerusakan pada daun tembakau dapat mengurangi nilai jualnya. Ulatgrayak (Spodoptera litura) merupakan hama di tanaman tembakau yang merusak daun tanaman tembakau. . Ekstraksi dari bagian tanaman tembakau dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pestisida nabati, tembakau rajang yang diekstrak dapat menghasilkan kandungan alkaloid yang dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida untuk mengendalikan ulat grayak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan lama perendaman tembakau rajang yang terbaik untuk mengendalikan ulatgrayak. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan di lahan yang menggunakan tanaman tembakau sebagai inang larva ulatgrayak instar III dengan cara kerja racun kontak. Metoda penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan lama perendaman tembakau rajang 12, 24, 36, 48 dan 62 jam dengan lima ulangan. Variabel yang diamati adalah mortalitas, intensitas serangan dan lama pembentukan pupa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendaman tembakau rajang efektif terhadap mortaitas uatgrayak, lama perendaman tembakau rajang juga dapat mempercepat pembentukan pupa dan perendaman 60 jam memiliki intensitas serangan terbaik.

Pupuk Terhadap Kandungan Proksimat dan Mineral pada Suruhan Peperomia pellucida

<p>Suruhan plant is one of the plants that has properties for treatment in various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, headache, fever, and rheumatism. In addition to traditional medicine, people usually use plants as an alternative food that is consumed by sautéing or consumed directly. The plant contains antioxidants, antimicrobials and anticancers. The leaves have flavonoids, alkaloids. Proximate content analysis is important to be used as data on the content of a foodstuff. One way to increase the content to be more useful is by cultivating using organic fertilizer. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of organic fertilizers on the content of proximate, minerals on the plants. the method used was descriptive quantitative. Based on the results showed that on the content of proximate and minerals in the commission plants given organic fertilizer obtained water content of 26.60%, ash content of 16.80%, fat content of 2.58%, protein content of 13.86%, carbohydrates 40.16%, iron (Fe) 18.74 ppm, calcium (Ca) 255.92 ppm.</p>

Inokulasi Mikoriza pada Media Tanam Campuran Kompos Kotoran Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao

<p>Improvements in cocoa cultivation techniques need to be done by adding goat manure as a mixture of planting media to improve the physical properties of the soil in order to make it easier for roots to develop. This objective of this study was to determine concentration of mycorrhizae, the best growing media for cocoa seedlings, and interaction on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The method used was randomized block design with two factor. The first factor was the inoculation of mycorrhizae consisting of four levels: without inoculation of mycorrhizae 10 g/plant, 20 g/plant, and 30 g/plant. The second factor was the growing media with three levels of growing media: top soil, top soil + goat manure compost (1:1), and top soil + goat manure compost (1:2). The results showed that the growing media had a significant effect on the height and volume of plant roots. Growing media of top soil produced the best average seedling by 38.06 cm and root volume by 4.39 cm3. The interaction of giving mycorrhizae with growing media had a significant effect on root volume with the best treatment 10 g/plant mycorrhizae and top soil by 5.67 cm3. The results analysis of root infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi showed the highest infection in the 20 g/plant mycorrhizae and top soil by 80%. Application of mycorrhizae with growing media can increase cocoa yield and growth. Planting media mycorrhizae infected to soil can affect cocoa seedling.</p>

Pengamatan OPT Penting Tanaman Nilam

Observation of important patchouli pests was aimed to observe and identify important patchouli pests in North Sumatra and Aceh. Mosaic virus was the common disease found in patchouli plant with mild severe of 5-18.75% and very severe 87.5%, followed by red yellow disease (nematode) with mild severity 1-20%. The important disease that categorized as severe was budok disease found in Pintu Padang II Sub district, South Tapanuli Regency at 67.50%, and very severe (87.50%) was mosaic virus disease found in Bulu Cina Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. Grasshopper was a pest that commonly found in patchouli with mild attack intensity (6.25-18.75%) and moderate attack intensity (21.2-30%), then followed by leaf-eating caterpillars with mild attack intensity 1.25-15%.

Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang Plus terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata) di Kabupaten Grobogan

<p>Manure plus is manure’s nutrition improvement by the addition of organic N (<em>Leucaena leucocephala</em>) and nature P (rock phosphate). The aim of this research are to evaluate the effect of ‘manure plus’ on growth and production of sweet corn. This research was conducted experimentally using monofactor Randomized Block Design with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments are P0 (ZA + TSP), P1 (Cattle manure + ZA + TSP), P2 (Goat manure + ZA + TSP), P3 (Poultry manure + ZA + TSP), P4 (Cattle manure + RP + + <em>Leucaena</em><em> l</em><em>eucocephala</em>), P5 (Goat manure + RP+ <em>Leucaena </em><em>l</em><em>eucocephala</em>), P6 (Poultry manure + RP + <em>Leucaena </em><em>l</em><em>eucocephala</em>). All plots were given KCl (150 kg K₂O/ha). The parameters were plant height, leaf’s number, cob length, cob diameter, sum of seed row, and production of sweet corn. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed DMRT at α = 5%. The result showed that cob diameter and sum of seed row of P4 had no significantly different compared to P1, P5 had no significantly different compared to P2, P6 had no significantly different compared to P3. The leaf’s number of P4 had no significantly different compared to P1, P5 had no significantly different compared to P2, whereas P3 had leaf’s number more than P6. All treatment had no significant effect towards plant height, cob length and production of sweet corn. Based on the research, manure plus can be used to substitute the role of manure + ZA + TSP.</p>

Pertumbuhan Berbagai Macam Bahan Eksplan Kentang Atlantik secara In Vitro dengan Perlakuan IAA

<p>Kentang kultivar Atlantik merupakan kentang untuk bahan baku industri pangan. Produktivitas kentang yang rendah disebabkan karena perbanyakan secara konvensional belum dapat menghasilkan benih berkualitas baik. Perbanyakan konvensional terkendala dengan akumulasi patogen, penurunan kualitas serta rendahnya tingkat multiplikasi. Kultur jaringan merupakan metode yang tepat untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi IAA yang tepat pada berbagai macam bahan eksplan kentang Atlantik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli - Agustus 2020 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi IAA pada taraf 0,5; 1; dan 1,5 ppm; dan faktor kedua adalah macam bahan eksplan yaitu bagian pucuk, bagian tengah, dan bagian pangkal planlet, terdapat 9 kombinasi dan 3 kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 8 MST dengan parameter tinggi planlet, jumlah buku, jumlah tunas samping, jumlah daun, warna daun, panjang akar, dan bobot kering planlet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi IAA 1 ppm dengan macam bahan eksplan bagian tengah secara interaksi dapat meningkatkan jumlah buku dan jumlah daun planlet kentang Atlantik. Konsentrasi IAA 0,5 ppm secara tunggal dapat meningkatkan tinggi planlet, jumlah tunas samping, panjang akar, dan bobot kering planlet kentang Atlantik. Macam bahan eksplan bagian tengah secara tunggal dapat meningkatkan jumlah tunas samping planlet kentang Atlantik.</p>

Efektifitas Tanaman Refugia Border Crop terhadap Serangan Hama Plutella xylostella dan Crocidolomia Binotalis pada Tanaman Kubis Bunga

<p>Pest attacks that become obstacles in cauliflower cultivation are <em>Plutella xylostella</em> and <em>Crocidolomia binotalis</em>, which can cause yield loss and crop failure. Efforts that can be used to reduce excessive use of pesticides are by controlling by the principles of integrated pest control by manipulating habitat using refugia plants grown as border crops. The plants used as refugia were <em>T. subulata</em> and <em>T. erecta</em>. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of refugia as a border crop against the intensity and attack of <em>P. xylostella</em> and<em> C. binotalis </em>pests. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and six replications. Observations were made eight times with an interval of one week. Parameters observed were pest population, attack intensity, and parasitization level. The population of <em>P. xylostella</em> and <em>C. binotalis</em> larvae was highest in the P0 (control) treatment. The lowest average <em>P. xylostella</em> and <em>C. binotalis</em> larvae population was in the P3 treatment (<em>T<span style="text-decoration: underline;">. subulata</span> + T. erecta</em>). The highest percentage of damage intensity every week in the control treatment (P0). Treatment P3 (T. <em>subulata + T. erecta</em>) gave a significantly different effect compared to treatment P1 (<em>T. subulata</em>) P2 (<em>T. erecta</em>) and P0 (control). No parasitoid was found that attacks <em>P. xylostella</em>, <em>Eriborusargenteopilosus</em> is a parasitoid of <em>C. binotalis</em> with a parasitation rate of 54%.</p>

The Use of Phytoremediaton with an Up-flow System to Reduce Pollutants at Anaerobic Pond Outlets II Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

<p>Palm oil plantations are one of the commodity crops that have an important role in the economy in Indonesia, namely as an export commodity that generates foreign exchange in addition to oil and gas. The increase in world demand for the palm oil commodity encourages the growth of the palm oil industry so that the estimate of liquid waste also increases. If the liquid waste is disposed of directly into the water without proper management, it will have a negative impact on the surrounding aquatic environment. This study aims to find the best phytoremedian in reducing the pollutants of WWTP II anaerobic ponds in the palm oil mill industry and to get the reduction. Research activities took place from July 2020 to September 2020 in the field and Analysis Laboratory of the Lampung State Polytechnic. This study uses an up-flow system with a stagnant condition and is carried out on a laboratory scale by testing using descriptive methods. The phytoremedian used in this study were water nails (<em>Azolla pinnata</em>) (A1), water spinach (<em>Ipomoea aquatica</em>) (A2), cattail (<em>Typha angustifolia</em>) (A3) and water bamboo (<em>Equisetum hyemale</em>) (A4). The results showed that the best phytoremedian in reducing the observation variable of palm oil mill effluent outlet anaerobic pond II was water spinach (<em>Ipomoea aquatica</em>). Phytoremedian <em>Ipomoea aquatica</em> at the end of the treatment was able to reduce the COD value with a decrease in percentage of 41.29%, increase the pH to 8.57, reduce the TSS value to 124 mg/L, the turbidity value to 21 mg/L, the total N value to 0.021 mg/L, the K value becomes 2.59 mg/L.</p>