Use of Bismuth in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Aim. An evidence review on use of bismuth in irritable bowel syndrome.Key points. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder significantly impacting the quality of life and social status, i.a., through frequent manifestations of diarrhea. Postinfectious IBS emerges after a bacterial, pro-tozoan or viral intestinal disease. The new coronavirus pandemic supposedly affects most factors involved in functional disorder developments and may serve a fuelling cause of postinfectious IBS. Bismuth salts accumulate cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Therapeutic efficacy of bismuth compounds has been demonstrated in treatment of diarrhea-accompanied diseases of various etiology, including postinfectious IBS. The use of therapeutic-dosed bismuth preparations is safe and well tolerated by patients.Conclusion. Use of bismuth may be considered a treatment and prevention approach in diarrhea-predominant IBS, both in monotherapy and combined regimens.

Structurally restricted Bi(III) metallation of apo-βMT1a: metal-induced tangling

Non-toxic bismuth salts are used in anti-ulcer medications and to protect against nephrotoxicity from anti-cancer drugs. Bismuth salts also induce metallothionein (MT), a metal-binding protein that lacks a formal secondary structure. We report the impact on the metallation properties of Bi(III) to the 9-cysteine β fragment of MT as a function of cysteine accessibility using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. At pH 7.4, Bi2βMT formed cooperatively. Cysteine modification shows that each Bi(III) was terminally bound to 3 cysteinyl thiolates. Non-cooperative Bi(III) binding was observed at pH 2.3, where cysteine accessibility is increased. However, competition from H4EDTA inhibited Bi(III) binding. When GdmCl, a well-known denaturing agent, was used to increase cysteine accessibility of the apoβMT at pH 7.4, a greater fraction of Bi3βMT formed using all 9 cysteines. The change in binding profile and equilibrium of Bi2βMT was determined as a function of acidification, which changed as a result of competition with H4EDTA. There was no Bi(III) transfer between Bi2βMT, Cd3βMT, and Zn3βMT. This lack of metal exchange and the resistance towards binding the third Bi(III) suggests a rigidity in the Bi2βMT binding sites that inhibits Bi(III) mobility. These experiments emphasize the conformational control of metallation that results in substantially different metallated products: at pH 7.4 (many cysteines buried) Bi2βMT, whereas at pH 7.4 (all cysteines accessible) enhanced formation of Bi3βMT. These data suggest that the addition of the first 2 Bi(III) cross-link the protein, blocking access to the remaining 3 cysteines for the third Bi(III), as a result of tangle formation.

Embolia Cutis Medicamentosa - A Case Report

Embolia cutis medicamentosa is a rare complication of intramuscular injury that leads to varying degrees of necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In 1924, embolia cutis medicamentosa or Nicolau syndrome (NS) was first portrayed after an intragluteal injection of bismuth salts was given for the treatment of syphilis but it has now been documented with several drugs. (Murthy et al., 2007)1. According to one hypothesis, embolia cutis medicamentosa occurs when an intramuscular drug is accidentally injected into the arterial lumen or wall, leading to vessel thrombosis, subcutaneous tissue and muscle necrosis (Senel et al., 2010)2. Necrosis develops after hyperemia, skin discoloration usually associated with severe pain and wide inflammatory livedoid dermatitis and haemorrhagic patch at the injection site (Hamilton et al., 2008)3. Severe cases may take an immediate clinical course and anticipate to death.

N-doped hierarchical porous carbon derived from bismuth salts decorated ZIF8 as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction

The bismuth salts can not only efficiently destroy the Zn–Nx bond at a relatively low temperature, but also enhance the formation of a conductive and hierarchical porous catalyst.

Bi3TaO7 film: a promising photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Most of the transition metal bismuth salts have excellent visible absorption range and carrier transport properties due to their unique structure capable of orbits and s–p bonds.