Nursing Skill and Responsibility in Administration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin by Prefilled Syringe

Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) have proven to be effective in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders, as well as substitute for unfractionated heparin (UFH). LMWHs are a diverse collection of medicines with different biochemical and pharmacological characteristics, despite the fact that they all have antithrombotic actions. Medicine is administered into the subcutaneous tissues with these injections. Small amounts of injections are delivered by the subcutaneous approach, which involves inserting a small thin needle beneath the skin and slowly injecting the medicine. Low molecular weight heparins make up dalteparin and enoxaparin, two anticoagulants. The rights of medicine administration must be followed by nurses. For patients on LMWH medication, the most essential blood test is prothrombin time. Following administration, look for any signs of bleeding, such as occult blood in the stool, malena, bleeding gums, and skin discoloration/hematoma. The antidote for low molecular weight heparin is protamine sulphate. It is effective at counteracting the effects of LMWH. 100 units of LMWH are neutralised by 1 mg of protamine sulphate.If it's been more than 8 hours since you've given LMWH, provide 0.5 mg protamin per 100 units of LMWH.

EXPRESS: Do facially disfiguring features influence attention and perception of faces? Evidence from an antisaccade task

Facial disfigurements can influence how observers attend to and interact with the person, leading to disease-avoidance behaviour and emotions (disgust, threat, fear for contagion). However, it is unclear whether this behaviour is reflected in the effect of the facial stigma on attention and perceptual encoding of facial information. We addressed this question by measuring, in a mixed antisaccade task, observers’ speed and accuracy of orienting of visual attention towards or away from peripherally presented upright and inverted unfamiliar faces that had either a realistic looking disease-signalling feature (a skin discoloration), a non-disease-signalling control feature, or no added feature. The presence of a disfiguring or control feature did not influence the orienting of attention (in terms of saccadic latency) towards upright faces, sugesting that avoidance responses towards facial stigma do not occur during covert attention. However, disfiguring and control features signficantly reduced the effect of stimulus inversion on saccadic latency, thus suggesting an impact on the holistic processing of facial information. The implications of these findings for the encoding and appraisal of of facial disfigurements are discussed.

Relapsing Polychondritis with Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia: Case Report

Background: Relapsing polychondritis is an autoimmune rheumatic disease which is associated with malignant diseases, rarely CLL. Case Report: We report a case of a patient who presented with a new diagnosis of both relapsing polychondritis RP and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The patient is a 59-year-old woman who presented with : joint pain, skin discoloration, Swollen joints, and nose. Conclusion: Patients with RP should go further investigations to exclude malignant diseases. Objective: Rare disease

PERCEPTION OF CANCER PATIENTS ON CHEMOTHERAPY SIDE EFFECTS

Chemotherapy causes various side effects that can affect the patient's physical or non-physical condition. Patients' perceptions or ratings of these side effects vary. This study aimed to identify cancer patients' perceptions of the side effects of chemotherapy they are undergoing. The descriptive study was conducted on 84 samples, namely cancer patients aged 20 years who had undergone chemotherapy at least once before. Data collection using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out descriptively with frequency distribution. The results showed that the perception of the physical side effects of chemotherapy that was considered very disturbing by the patient (severe symptoms) was nausea (59.5%), feeling of weakness (36.9%), hair loss (35.7%), vomiting. (29.8%), loss of appetite (28.6%). %), weight loss (27.4%), insomnia and skin discoloration (19% each), headache (16.7%) and fever (15.5%). When the perception of non-physical side effects was fear of death, affecting work/household duties and feeling fear (15.5% each), feeling anxious about my life, and the presence of family members I have to take care (14.3% each). The most disturbing side effects of chemotherapy are physical problems. The health service is expected to increase interventions to minimize the side effects of chemotherapy.

The use of microneedling in cosmetology

Mesotherapy is one of the minimally invasive methods that guarantee relatively quick and long-lasting effects. Its purpose can be considered on many levels, because the research conducted in this area points to more and more new applications for mesotherapy. This article presents skin areas that can be subjected to mesotherapy and examples of substances used to achieve a specific result. Currently, the most common reasons for people to take advantage of the procedure include: the progressive aging process, wrinkles, skin discoloration, acne scars, bruises under the eyes, flabbiness, dryness and loss of skin elasticity, lipodystrophy, stretch marks or excessive hair loss. For the effects of the treatment to be satisfactory and long-lasting, it is suggested to perform mesotherapy in series to maintain optimal skin condition.

Embolia Cutis Medicamentosa - A Case Report

Embolia cutis medicamentosa is a rare complication of intramuscular injury that leads to varying degrees of necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In 1924, embolia cutis medicamentosa or Nicolau syndrome (NS) was first portrayed after an intragluteal injection of bismuth salts was given for the treatment of syphilis but it has now been documented with several drugs. (Murthy et al., 2007)1. According to one hypothesis, embolia cutis medicamentosa occurs when an intramuscular drug is accidentally injected into the arterial lumen or wall, leading to vessel thrombosis, subcutaneous tissue and muscle necrosis (Senel et al., 2010)2. Necrosis develops after hyperemia, skin discoloration usually associated with severe pain and wide inflammatory livedoid dermatitis and haemorrhagic patch at the injection site (Hamilton et al., 2008)3. Severe cases may take an immediate clinical course and anticipate to death.

Targeted Hybrid Nanocarriers as a System Enhancing the Skin Structure

The skin is constantly exposed to external and internal factors that disturb its function. In this work, two nanosystems-levan nanoparticles and a surfactin-stabilized nanoemulsion were preserved (tested for microbial growth) and characterized (size, polydispersity, Zeta potential, and stability). The nanosystems were introduced in the model formulations-cream, tonic, and gel, and confirmed by TEM. The analysis showed that nanoemulsion has a spherical morphology and size 220–300 nm, while levan nanoparticles had irregular shapes independently of the use of matrix and with particle size (130–260 nm). Additionally, we examined the antiradical effect of levan nanoparticles and nanoemulsion in the prototype of formulations by scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; EPR spectroscopy). The model cream with both nanosystems and the whole range of products with nanosystems were evaluated in vivo for hydration, elasticity, smoothness, wrinkles and vascular lesions, discoloration, respectively. The cream improved skin condition in all tested parameters in at least 50% of volunteers. The use of more comprehensive care, additionally consisting of a tonic and gel, reduced the previously existing skin discoloration to 10.42 ± 0.58%. The presented prototype formulations are promising in improving skin conditions.

Clofazimine: Can it be Useful in COVID 19?

Clofazimine is a riminophenazine dye originally used as an antitubercular agent after its first synthesis in 1954, just few years after it was administered as a treatment for leprosy by YT Chang. In the following years, also an anti-inflammatory effectiveness on erythema nodosum leprosum was recognized [1]. In the ‘70s, its therapeutic activity on discoid lupus erythematosus and pyoderma gangrenosum was documented [2]. The safety of Clofazimine is good with a median frequency of the most reported adverse event (skin discoloration and gastrointestinal events) of 5.1% and a requiring discontinuation of the treatment in 0.1% of cases [3].

Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Hyperpigmentation: A Case Report

Antimalarial agents, including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have been used for the treatment of various rheumatoid diseases and skin diseases because of their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. Cutaneous adverse effects such as exacerbation of psoriasis, pruritus, and hyperpigmentation have been reported as side-effects of antimalarial drugs. In this case, we report a middle-aged man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis who was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hydroxychloroquine. He complainedof hyperpigmentation of the face after one year of initiating the hydroxychloroquine. It was discontinued and methotrexate was started. Skin biopsy was confirmed drug reaction. Aftermore than 10 years of follow up, his skin discoloration had not been improved.