The Influence of Immunization Counseling Module Using Stickers on Toddler’s Mother Behavior about Advanced Immunization (Booster)

In Indonesia, the coverage of the immunization is still low and the incidence of diseases caused by not having DPT-HB-Hib immunization is still high. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of immunization counseling using stickers on toddler’s mother behavior about advanced immunization (booster). The design of this study was a pretest and post test with a control group. The population in this study were all mothers who had toddlers aged 12-24 months in the integrated health service center area of Depok City with a sample of 60 mothers divided into 2 groups. The results showed that there were differences in knowledge (p-value = 0.011) and actions (p-value = 0.036) in the intervention and the control group after immunization counseling using a counseling module and stickers. Based on the results, there is influence of knowledge on maternal behavior about advanced immunization in toddlers. Keywords: advanced immunization; maternal behavior; counseling

Profil Kekebalan Terhadap Difteri, Pertusis dan Tetanus pada Anak Umur di Bawah Lima Tahun, Hasil Riskesdas 2013

Children under five years are a vulnerable group for diseases infection, therefore immunity to vaccine preventable diseases are essential, such as diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. Those mentioned diseases, immunization is the most effective effort to reduce the mortality and morbidity. As a part of Basic Health Research analysis for samples collected in 2013, sera of 368 children under five years (aged 12-59 months) were tested for IgG to diphtheria, pertussis toxin and tetanus by ELISA method. The proportion of protective antibody associated with DPT immunization status obtained by univariate analysis. Based on health record and questionnaire, only 72% children under five years received a complete 3-dose of DPT vaccine. Fully protective immunity to diphtheria and tetanus (titer ≥ 0.1 IU / ml) were only found 70% and 83% of children under five years with a complete DPT immunization status, respectively. Very small proportion (0.27%) of children without immunity to diphtheria and tetanus (titer <0.01 IU / ml) were observed. Results showed less than 10% children under five years had immunity to pertussis toxin, indicated that the pertussis exposure occurred within 12 months. Incomplete immunization status and high proportion of negative titers especially for pertussis toxin, should have attention exclusively for the completeness of recording and immunization card and also the vaccine storage. Furthermore, the immunization booster should be administered to provide long protective immunity. Keywords: immunity, DPT, under five years, ELISA Abstrak Balita merupakan kelompok rentan yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian, terutama kekebalan terhadap penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi, antara lain difteri, pertussis dan tetanus. Imunisasi merupakan upaya yang paling efektif untuk menurunkan angka kematian dan kesakitan karena penyakit tersebut. Sebanyak 368 sampel darah balita (umur 12- 59 bulan), bagian dari sampel Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2013 telah diperiksa kekebalan terhadap difteri, pertusis toksin dan tetanus dengan metode ELISA. Analisis data secara deskriptif berupa proporsi kekebalan protektif dari masing-masing parameter dikaitkan dengan status imunisasi DPT. Berdasarkan hasil observasi catatan kesehatan dan wawancara menunjukkan hanya 72% balita yang mendapat imunisasi DPT lengkap 3 dosis. Kekebalan protektif difteri dan tetanus dengan titer ≥ 0,1 IU/ml hanya dimiliki sekitar 70% dan 83% balita dengan status imunisasi DPT lengkap. Walaupun proporsinya sangat kecil (0,27%), masih ditemukan balita yang tidak mempunyai kekebalan terhadap difteri dan tetanus (titer <0,01 IU/ml). Kurang dari 10% balita memiliki kekebalan terhadap pertusis toksin dengan keterpaparan dalam jangka waktu 12 bulan. Ditemukannya balita dengan status imunisasi yang tidak lengkap dan titer negatif yang cukup tinggi terutama terhadap pertussis toksin, perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius, terutama kelengkapan pencatatan dan kartu imunisasi serta penyimpanan vaksin, Pemberian booster imunisasi perlu dilakukan untuk memberikan kekebalan yang penuh dalam jangka panjang. Kata kunci: kekebalan, DPT, balita, ELISA

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN MOTIVASI IBU TENTANG PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DPT LANJUTAN (BOOSTER) DI PUSKESMAS SIMPANG IV SIPIN KOTA JAMBI

According to World Health Organization (WHO), there are 1.5 million children die every year from diseases that can actually be prevented by immunization. From 194 WHO member countries, 65 of them have diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) immunization coverage below the global target of 90%. The high incidence of DPT in Indonesia makes the government try to do advanced DPT (Booster) immunization, because DPT immunization (Booster) is important in an effort to maintain high levels of immunity so that it can provide optimal protection. This study aimed to determine the description of knowledge and mother’s motivation that have toddler about giving advanced DPT immunization (Booster) at the public health center Simpang IV Sipin Jambi city year 2019. This is a descriptive research. It was conducted on August 10th – 16th 2019 at the public health center Simpang IV Sipin. Populations were all of mothers who have toddlers period January – May 2019 as many as 1737 mothers. Samples were 79 respondents by using Accidental Sampling technique. The instruments used a questionnaire. Data analyzed as univariate. From 79 respondents, most them have lack of knowledge as many as 44.35 respondents. 50.6% respondents have high motivation. Most of toddlers did not get advanced DPT immunization (Booster) as many as 82.3%. This study can be concluded that most of respondents have lack of knowledge, high motivation and most of toddlers did not get advanced DPT immunization (Booster). The health personals should provide counseling to toddler’s mothers that can be done when visiting to toddlers Posyandu and also can provide information on patients visiting the public health center so that mothers can do advanced immunizations (Booster).

PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY IgY ANTI-c-Myc IN CHICKEN EGGS

<p>Bioinformatics analysis has been performed on c-Myc peptide sequences to predict its epitopes in order to design antigen for IgY anti-c-Myc production in chickens. Peptide sequences for human c-Myc protein obtained from the NCBI database were analyzed with ProPred-1 softwares. Manual screening has been conducted on the prediction results.One candidate of c-Myc epitope, EQKLISEEDL, have been selected and prepared as an antigen, by adding one molecule of Cystein to the peptide, and conjugated it with Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Twelve hens, aged 22-24 weeks, were immunized a week after their first eggs were produced. Antigen diluted in aquabidest and emulsified with Freund’s Complete Adjuvant. The suspension was injected into the area of the chicken breast, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, with a dose of 0.1 mg for the first immunization. Booster injection performed on days 10, 20, and 30 with the same volume of emulsion, but using Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant and the amount of antigen half of the first immunization. Extraction of IgY from egg has been carried out using kits from Gallus Immunotech. IgY levels quantified using a spectrophotometer, absorbance measured at 280 nm. The results showed that chicken antibody production gave rise to a sigmoid curve pattern, just like in mammals. The IgY content of the egg was stable at high levels (&gt; 5 mg / ml yolk) after the third immunization. In the intramuscular group, the immune response seems to work earlier than in the subcutaneous group, but eventually the subcutaneous group reaches the same level, and even higher. In general, from an egg produced after the second booster it can be extracted at least 50 mg of IgY. Higher yields could be obtained when IgY was extracted from egg 2 to 3 days after the third booster. </p><p>Keywords: epitope prediction, c-Myc, IgY antibody, ProPred-1</p>