scholarly journals Green detection of trace cyanuric acid and free chlorine together via ion chromatography

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 133378
Author(s):  
Yiya Wei ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Baiyang Chen ◽  
Bingcheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Free Chlorine

Optrode Based Polymer for the Estimation of Free Chlorine

2014 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 856-860
Author(s):  
N. Sivakamasundari ◽  
N. Bharathi ◽  
A.R. Neena Sruthi ◽  
A. Balaji Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sensor Membrane ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Photochemical Stability ◽  
Sensing Membrane

This paper describes the construction of low cost optical fiber sensor for the measurement of free chlorine and also residuals. The granules of poly (norborene) s bound with Cyanuric acid are synthesized as polymer film and applied on glass surface, which is used as sensing membrane. The prepared sensor membrane has a good photochemical stability and it would not leach out by continuous exposure to sample solution. The film is used to measure the changes in the absorbance intensity as a result of reaction between Cyanuric acid and free chlorine. The chlorine is used for the destruction of microbiological pathogens to protect the public health from water-borne diseases. This experiment was conducted for various chlorine samples. The sensor possess good repeatability with the range from 1.0 mg/l to 9.0 mg/l with minimal response time and also shows the characteristics such as reproducibility and stable results for more than 70 samples with a period of 5 days.

scholarly journals The effect of cyanuric acid on the disinfection rate of Cryptosporidium parvum in 20-ppm free chlorine

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Shields ◽  
Michael J. Arrowood ◽  
Vincent R. Hill ◽  
Michael J. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Reduction Current

Cyanuric acid is used to stabilize free chlorine to reduce photodegradation in outdoor swimming pools. While there have been numerous studies examining its effect on the disinfection rates of bacteria and viruses, it is not known whether cyanuric acid can significantly impact the effectiveness of hyperchlorination for inactivating Cryptosporidium oocysts present in fecally-contaminated swimming pools. This study examined the effect of cyanuric acid on the disinfection rate of Cryptosporidium parvum under swimming pool hyperchlorination conditions (20 mg/ml free chlorine). When 50 mg/L cyanuric acid was present there was a 0.70-log10 reduction in oocyst viability after 10 hours as compared to a 3.7-log10 reduction without cyanuric acid. Aids to remediation, such as decreasing the pH to enhance the germicidal efficiency of the free chlorine and doubling the amount of free chlorine residual, were still unable to achieve a 3-log10 reduction. Current public health recommendations for hyperchlorination and pool remediation are insufficient for pools using cyanurate-stabilized chlorine to achieve a three log inactivation of the parasite.

Density functional theory, Comparative vibrational spectroscopic studies, HOMO-LUMO, and NBO analysis of Trichloro isocyanuric acid and Trithio cyanuric acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2197-2221
Author(s):  
Theraviyum Chithambarathanu ◽  
M. Darathi ◽  
J. DaisyMagdaline ◽  
S. Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Nbo Analysis ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Potential Energy Distribution ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Isocyanuric Acid ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Homo Lumo ◽  
Ft Raman

The molecular vibrations of Trichloro isocyanuric acid (C3Cl3N3O3) and Trithio cyanuric acid (C3H3N3S3) have been investigated in polycrystalline sample at room temperature by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectroscopies in the region 4000-450 cm-1 and 4000-50 cm-1 respectively, which provide a wealth of structural information about the molecules. The spectra are interpreted with the aid of normal co-ordinate analysis following full structure optimization and force field calculations based on density functional theory   (DFT) using standard B3LYP / 6-311++ G (d, p) basis set for investigating the structural and spectroscopic properties. The vibrational frequencies are calculated and the scaled values are compared with experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. The scaled theoretical wave numbers shows very good agreement with experimental ones. The complete vibrational assignments are performed on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) of vibrational modes, calculated with scaled quantum (SQM) method. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results show that change in electron density (ED) in σ* and π* anti-bonding orbitals and second order delocalization   energy (E2) confirm the occurrence of Intra molecular Charge Transfer (ICT) within the molecule. The thermodynamic properties like heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy and zero point energy have been calculated for the molecule. The frontier molecular orbitals have been visualized and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap has been calculated. The Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analysis reveals the sites for electrophilic attack and nucleophilic reactions in the molecule.

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