13. Biological factors and crime

This chapter presents the idea that criminals can be distinguished from the rest of the population by some unusual physical or biological characteristic that renders them inferior. Havelock Ellis cites a law in medieval England that stated that ‘If two persons fell under suspicion of crime, the uglier or more deformed was to be regarded as more probably guilty.’ When Socrates was on trial, a study of his face conducted by a physiognomist was ordered; this showed that he was cruel and inclined to drunkenness. Physiognomy, which is the assessment of character from facial features, in due course, gave way to phrenology. Phrenology held that the workings of the mind are related to the shape of the brain and skull and that measurement of bumps on the skull can provide an indication of personal characteristics.

Model of human tongue squamous cell line stably transfected with human papillomavirus（HPV) 16 E6 and E7 genes and biological characteristic analysis

The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to a need to make corrections.

Narrative Review : Manufacture Of Organic Sweet Potato Based Anti-Acne Spray Gel

Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) is a plant found mostly in America. The rich content of flavonoid in sweet potato which acts as anti-oxidant can prevent premature aging and can also protect cells from damages caused by free-radicals. Flavonoid possesses an anti-bacterial nature which can disturb the cell wall function of bacteria through the mechanism of complex formation with extracellular protein. This article is written using narrative review method through electronic scientific article, journal, and textbook. Authors identified 16 articles which published from 2010-2020. Out of 16 articles, 11 of them were in match to the criteria and the results were found that the physical characteristics of anti-acne spray gel can be determined through the dispersibility test, organoleptic test, adhesivity, dry time, and stability test. For the biological characteristic of spray gel can be done using Well method for the Propinibacterium acnes. Sweet potato-based spray gel possesses physical and biological characteristic which can slows bacterial growth significantly compared to green tea shoots and purple leaf.

CAPELIN (MALLOTUS VILLOSUS CATERVARIUS) OF THE TAU BAY OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK: ECOLOGY, CURRENT STATE OF THE STOCK AND PROSPECTS OF FISHING

On the basis of the materials collected in 2011-2019, the ecology, the current state of the stock and some features of the biology of the capelin living in the Tauyskaya Bay (Northern part of the sea of Okhotsk) are considered. A brief biological characteristic of its age and size-weight indicators, as well as the sex ratio is given. The prospects of industrial development are shown.

Identification and Biological Characteristic Analysis of Pythium aristosporum Causing Rice Seedling Blight in Northeast China

The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to author disagreement.