Optimization of fermentation conditions through response surface methodology for Indole-3-acetic acid production by Marine Sponge Callyspongia diffusa associated Pseudomonas fluorescens BCPBMS-1

In the Present study we focused on the production and statistical optimization of media components for Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) production from P.fluorescens BCPBMS-1, it was isolated from Marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa . This sponge was collected from Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India. We optimized the low-cost agricultural residue based medium for IAA production. In our study Soya bean husk used as a substrate for Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Fermentation variables were selected based on the Plackett-Burman design and were optimized by response surface methodology. The maximum IAA concentration 1.7474 µg/ml was predicted in medium containing 3.1064% Soya bean husk, Yeast extract 0.8323%, Salinity 9.0765 ppt, pH 6.3108 temperature 27.5524℃, incubation time 64.7475hrs. These predicted values were also verified through experiments as a result we got 1.74 µg/ml. The excellent correlation observed between predicted and measured values of this statistical model hence, this method may recommend for the industrial purpose.

A new species of the hermit crab genus Diogenes Dana, 1851 (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) from southern India

A new species of the hermit crab genus Diogenes Dana, 1851, D. spongicola, is described and illustrated on the basis of material collected from two locations off southern India. It appears close to D. takedai Rahayu, 2012 among about 70 congeners, but easily differentiated from the latter by the spinulose anterolateral margins of the shield, the article 2 of the antennal peduncle armed only with one distal spine, the longer, spinose antennal acicle, the absence of prominent spines on the ventrolateral margin of the cheliped meri, and the different color of the cheliped palm. Specimens of the new species were all collected from cavities of a callyspongiid sponge Callyspongia diffusa (Ridley, 1884), suggesting a possible association between the hermit crab and sponge.

BIOPROSPECTING OF MARINE SPONGE (CALLYSPONGIA DIFFUSA) FOR ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUND.

Objective: Marine sponges are a rich source of new antimicrobial drugs. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the marine sponge (Callyspongia diffusa) against human pathogenic bacteria and to analyze the presence of bioactive compounds in the sponge.Methods: Antibacterial activity of the marine sponge C. diffuser was examined using petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, and water as solvents and tested against human pathogenic bacteria such as Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. Zoochemical analysis was performed to screen for the presence of secondary metabolites. Bioactive compounds were purified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.Results: The results obtained show that the sponge extracts had significant antibacterial activity against the tested strains. The methanol extract was found to be the most effective and exhibited the highest potency against all pathogens tested. Zoochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols. In TLC, spots corresponding to a Rf value of 0.67 were found to possess antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. GC-MS chromatogram showed seven major peaks at retention time of 12.69, 13.81, 24.21, 24.65, 28.01, 28.93, 30.87 minutes. The mass of the compounds and fragments were matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) database for identification of probable compounds present in the sample. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in the sponge.Conclusion: This study confirms the marine natural species provides an excellent source of bioactive metabolites that can exploit to develop novel and potential therapeutic agents.

BIOPROSPECTING OF MARINE SPONGE (CALLYSPONGIA DIFFUSA) FOR ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUND.

Objective: Marine sponges are a rich source of new antimicrobial drugs. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the marine sponge (Callyspongia diffusa) against human pathogenic bacteria and to analyze the presence of bioactive compounds in the sponge.Methods: Antibacterial activity of the marine sponge C. diffuser was examined using petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, and water as solvents and tested against human pathogenic bacteria such as Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. Zoochemical analysis was performed to screen for the presence of secondary metabolites. Bioactive compounds were purified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.Results: The results obtained show that the sponge extracts had significant antibacterial activity against the tested strains. The methanol extract was found to be the most effective and exhibited the highest potency against all pathogens tested. Zoochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols. In TLC, spots corresponding to a Rf value of 0.67 were found to possess antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. GC-MS chromatogram showed seven major peaks at retention time of 12.69, 13.81, 24.21, 24.65, 28.01, 28.93, 30.87 minutes. The mass of the compounds and fragments were matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) database for identification of probable compounds present in the sample. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in the sponge.Conclusion: This study confirms the marine natural species provides an excellent source of bioactive metabolites that can exploit to develop novel and potential therapeutic agents.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CALLYSPONGIA DIFFUSA (MARINE SPONGE) ASSOCIATED ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA L STRAINS

Objective: To screen the antimicrobial activity Of Callyspongia Diffusa (Marine Sponge) Associated Endophytic Bacterial Strains.Methods: We have isolated endophytic bacterias CDB-1 and CDB-2 from marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa and identified as Pseudomonas taiwanensis strain and Lysinibacillussphaericus strain respectively by the phylogenetic analysis. Fractions of CDB-1 and CDB-2 were screened for in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 RV strain by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method.Results: The lowest MIC against Kleibesella pnumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus feacalis was found to be 0.2 µg/ml and 0.4 µg/ml respectively for CDB-2. A significant antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans (0.2-0.8 µg/ml) and Aspergillus niger (0.2-0.4 µg/ml). Further, Chloroform fraction of CDB-1 and ethyl acetate fraction of CDB-2 have shown significant anti-tubercular activity against the tested organism with MIC of 6.25µg/ml. This was supported by in vivo antimicrobial activity against K. Pneumonia infection in mice and least haemolytic activity against erythrocytes was observed. Compared to chloramphenicol.Conclusion: In this study, we have reported the marine natural species offer a rich source of bioactive metabolites that can exploit to develop novel, useful and potential therapeutic agents.