Feasibility of concentrating potassium minerals from Verdete ore by cell flotation

A silicate ore with K2O content above 10%, found in the central region of Minas Gerais (Brazil), called Verdete, was floated in flotation cell. The goal was to evaluate the flotation behaviour of the ore constituents (glauconite, muscovite, K-feldspar and quartz) relative to the use of different collectors (fatty acid soap obtained from rice oil, amine and oleic acid) and depressors (gelatinized cornstarch and sodium silicate). Flotation of the calcination products of Verdete with MgCl2 and CaCl2 were also evaluated. Mass recovery of flotation carried out with Verdete reached a maximum of 53% when amine and sodium silicate were used as collector and depressant, respectively. Mass recovery was directly proportional to collector dosage, and was also influenced by the type of depressor. Calcination of Verdete with MgCl2?xH2O partially consumed the micas and generated MgO. Flotation of this calcination product concentrated MgO in the floated fraction, reaching 93% when oleic acid was used as collector.

Effect of Alkyl Structure (Straight Chain/Branched Chain/Unsaturation) of C18 Fatty Acid Sodium Soap on Skin Barrier Function

Anionic surfactants are commonly used as detergents and emulsifiers. However, these compounds are potent skin irritants. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the alkyl structure of anionic surfactants on the skin barrier function using the transmission index (TI) method. The TI method is used to measure the skin penetration rate of drugs. Sodium soaps of C18 fatty acids with different structures were evaluated. Sodium laurate was used as the control. In addition, microscopic observations of the skin tissue treated with different soaps and controls were performed to study the mechanism of skin permeation. Results showed that unsaturated fatty acid soaps exerted the most potent effect on the skin barrier function and saturated fatty acid soaps exerted the least effect; saturated branched fatty acid soap had an intermediate effect. This could be attributed to the differences in the melting points of different fatty acids. In addition, unlike lauric acid soap, C18 fatty acid soap did not cause morphological changes in the skin tissue. Thus, differences in the alkyl structure of fatty acids resulted in differences in the effect of fatty acid soaps on the skin barrier function. The mechanism was presumed to be an effect on intercellular lipids.