Gerechtigkeit schlägt Effizienz: Prinzipien der regionalen Umverteilung

Zusammenfassung Obwohl zur Angleichung regionaler Unterschiede in den Wirtschafts- und Lebensverhältnissen von der Politik regelmäßig Fördermaßnahmen eingesetzt werden, legen empirische Befunde nahe, dass deren Wirkung aus verschiedenen Perspektiven heraus beurteilt werden muss. Unter Rückgriff auf unterschiedliche Datenquellen zeigen wir empirisch, dass sich die Legitimität regionaler Umverteilungsmaßnahmen weniger aus ihrer (ökonomischen) Effizienz als der auf Gerechtigkeitsnormen beruhenden Einstellung der Bevölkerung speist. Vor dem Hintergrund der Befragungsergebnisse können die Effizienzeinbußen einer auf die schwächeren Regionen ausgerichteten Ausgleichspolitik allerdings als in der Bevölkerung mehrheitlich akzeptierte Kosten gewünschter Bedarfsgerechtigkeit angesehen werden. Abstract: Justice Beats Efficiency: Principles of Regional Redistribution Although policy makers have used various place-based policies to reduce regional differences in economic and living conditions, it has been empirically proven that their impact should be reflected from different perspectives. Using various sources of data, we empirically show that the legitimacy of regional redistributive measures derives less from their (economic) efficiency than from the attitudes of the population based on fairness norms. The results of our survey show that the loss of efficiency of a redistributive policy aimed at the weaker regions can be considered as the costs of social justice that are generally accepted by the public.

Assessment of the Investment Positions of the Russia Far East Regions

This article analyzes investment in fixed assets in the constituent entities of the Federation of the Far Eastern Federal District for 2005–2017. The imbalance in investment volumes and GRP growth rates is shown. The author made a modification of the method for calculating the ratio of the investment position, consisting in the timing of the moments of generation of potential investment resources in the region and directly investment in fixed assets. The coefficients of the investment position were calculated, which made it possible to show the existence of a surplus (or deficit) of generated profit to cover investment needs in the region. Using the method of assessing the direction of movement of financial flows between regions of L. Melnikova, author identified the potential extent of inter-regional redistribution of investment resources in the Far East

Climate Adaptation in the Water Sector in India

Climate change is likely to affect both the short-term variability of water resources through increased frequency and intensity of droughts and floods, and long-term changes in mean renewable water supply. Both models and historical data suggest that temperatures have increased in most parts of India, affecting the hydrologic cycle through decreased Himalayan snowpack, increased evaporation, and evapotranspirative demand by vegetation. In contrast, there are uncertainties about the climate–rainfall relationship. While most climate models predict intensification of the Indian monsoon, past rainfall trends suggest a weakening and a regional redistribution, perhaps due to local factors such as aerosols, land use change, and sea surface temperatures. Translating these uncertain projections to water availability is complicated by sparse hydrologic records and human modifications of catchments. Empirical research suggests that climate change is not the only stressor. As climate and socio-economic futures are interlinked, this requires participatory, adaptive management and mainstreaming of adaptation across agencies.