POTENSI PEMANFAATAN MIKORIZA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN

This study aims to examine the mycorrhizal potential for food security in Indonesia. The analysis is based on literature review using secondary data as a source of information. Food productivity has an important role in the lives of many people. Meanwhile, on the one hand, we are faced with immeasurable human growth and land functions that have begun to shift to settlements over time. One way to increase food in Indonesia is to empower marginal lands. Indonesia has a marginal land area that has not been optimized due to problems with the soil, poor nutrients and poor water management. Of course, to overcome this, it is necessary to have an agricultural cultivation approach so that these lands can be utilized. One of the approaches to agricultural cultivation is the application of biological fertilizers, namely mycorrhizae. From several literature studies, it is found that mycorrhizae can increase plant production by increasing nutrient uptake in marginal lands.

Changes in Land Use System and Environmental Factors Affect Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Density and Diversity, and Enzyme Activities in Rhizospheric Soils of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.

The responses of the soil microbial community features associated to the legume tree Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. including both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity and soil bacterial functions, were investigated under contrasting environmental conditions. Soil samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons in two contrasting rainfall sites of Senegal (Dahra and Goudiry, in arid and semiarid zone, resp.). Soils were taken from the rhizosphere of A. senegal both in plantation and natural stands in comparison to bulk soil. A multiple analysis revealed positive correlations between soil physicochemical properties, mycorrhizal potential and enzyme activities variables. The positive effects of A. senegal trees on soil mycorrhizal potential and enzyme activities indicates that in sahelian regions, AMF spore density and diversity as well as soil microbial functions can be influenced by land-use systems (plantation versus natural population of A. senegal) and environmental conditions such as moisture and soil nutrient contents. Our study underlines the importance of prior natural AMF screening for better combinations of A. senegal seedlings with AMF species to achieve optimum plant growth improvement, and for restoration and reforestation of degraded lands.