Immunity Profiling of COVID-19 Infection, Dynamic Variations of Lymphocyte Subsets, a Comparative Analysis on Four Different Groups

Background: A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-induced pneumonia (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in China, spreading worldwide. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the immunological response and the clinical subset of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 infection. Methods: the study was conducted on four different clinical groups (n = 4; total n = 138). Each individual was assigned to different groups based on specific criteria evaluated at the admission such as fever, dyspnea, arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), oral-nasopharyngeal swab/RT-PCR, and thoracic CT-scan. Treatment was performed only after blood samples were collected from each patient (PP and PP) at day 1. The blood samples were analyzed and tested the same day (CBC and Flowcytometry). The positive–positive group (PP n = 45; F = 18/ M = 27; median age = 62.33), comprised individuals affected by COVID-19 who showed fever, dyspnea (ABG = pO2 < 60), confirmed positive by oral-nasopharyngeal swab/RT-PCR and with CT-scan showing ground-glass opacities. The negative–positive (NP; n = 37; F = 11/M = 26; median age = 75.94) or “COVID-like” group comprised individuals with fever and dyspnea (ABG = pO2 < 60), who tested negative to nasopharyngeal swab/RT-PCR, with CT-scans showing ground-glass opacities in the lungs. The negative–affected group (NA; n = 40; F = 14/M = 26; median age = 58.5) included individuals negative to COVID-19 (RT-PCR) but affected by different chronic respiratory diseases (the CT-scans didn’t show ground-glass opacities). Finally, the negative–negative group (NN; n = 16; F = 14/M = 2) included healthy patients (NN; n = 16; median age = 42.62). Data and findings were collected and compared. Results: Lymphocytes (%) cells showed a decline in COVID-19 patients. The subsets showed a significant association with the inflammatory status in COVID-19, especially with regard to increased neutrophils, T-killer, T-active, T-suppressor, and T-CD8+CD38+ in individuals belong to the either COVID-19 and Covid-like NP group. Conclusions: Peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration was associated with the clinical characteristics and progression of COVID-19. The level of sub-set cells T-lymphocytes (either high or low) and B-lymphocytes could be used as an independent predictor for COVID-19 severity and treatment efficacy.

İKİNCİ DİL EDİNİMİ ÜZERİNE YAPILAN AKADEMİK ÇALIŞMALARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Bu çalışmada, 1994-2020 yılları arasında ikinci dil edinimi üzerine yapılan akademik çalışmaların çeşitli değişkenlere göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerine Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Tez Merkezi (YÖKTEZ) ve Google Akademik veri tabanları üzerinden tarama yapılarak ulaşılmıştır. Tarama sonucunda Türkçe olmak kaydıyla ikinci dil edinimi üzerine yapılmış 44 teze ve 26 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre son yıllarda ikinci dil edinimi üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda artış görülmüştür. Bu artış oranı lisansüstü çalışmalarda %80, makale düzeyinde ise %50 oranında gerçekleşmiştir. İkinci dil edinimi üzerine yapılan lisansüstü çalışmalarda yüksek lisans tezleri ağırlık kazanmıştır. Tezlerin hazırlandığı üniversiteler incelendiğinde en fazla tezin Hacettepe Üniversitesi (f=9) bünyesinde olduğu, çalışma yapılan enstitülerde ise en fazla tezin eğitim bilimleri enstitüsünde (f=20) yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. İncelenen tezlerin ana bilim dallarına göre oranına bakıldığında ilk sırada Türkçe eğitimi ana bilim dalı (f=11) yer almaktadır. Tezlerde 9 ayrı hedef kitle üzerinde, makalelerde ise 8 ayrı hedef kitle üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Tezlerde en çok çalışılan hedef kitlenin yabancı uyruklu öğrenciler (f=14), makalelerde ise ders kitapları (f=12) olduğu saptanmıştır. Söz konusu çalışmalar araştırma yöntemlerine göre incelendiğinde tezlerde (f=24) ve makalelerde (f=18) en çok nitel araştırma yönteminde çalışıldığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmaların diğer öğrenme alanları ile ilişkisine bakıldığında en çok dil bilgisi (%41) alanında olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda ikinci dil edinimi üzerine yapılan çalışmaların diğer alanlara oranla daha az olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Emergency Service Perceptions and Experiences of Patients: “Not A Great Place, But Not Disturbing”

This study was conducted to determine the emergency department experiences and perceptions of a group of patients who applied to the tertiary emergency department. The study was carried out using a qualitative approach. Forty patients who were admitted to the emergency department were included in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview. The frequency count (f) and participant codes (P) were used for the presentation of the findings. The themes and frequency counts obtained by analyzing the interviews with the patients were as follows: “Uncertainty/Obscurity: Anxiety and fear (f = 108),” “Waiting/being patient (f = 39),” “Pain and procedures (f = 119),” “Doctor and nurse comforting attitudes (f = 98),” “Being treated and recovering (f = 48),” “Calm and comfortable environment (f = 14).” This study showed that the emergency department is generally perceived as a healing environment, the most important need of the participants is to relieve the anxiety and fear caused by the unknown and the pain they feel.

PATOLOGIA DUAL FORENSE

El año 2005, se promulga la Reforma Procesal Penal en Chile, pasando a ser un sistema acusatorio oral; en este contexto, están los Peritos Psiquiátricos, con el rol de diagnosticar y entregar conclusiones; junto con ello dar cumplimiento de garantías de accesibilidad, oportunidad y tratamiento en duales - forenses. Objetivos: Diagnosticar y Cuantificar Patología Dual en imputados del sistema judicial. Material: Fichas Institucionalizadas(2014-2016) computarizadas Método Revisión de contenidos bio sicosociales, diagnostico CE10y conclusiones forenses Resultados 121 imputados; hombres 104 , mujeres 17 Edad: 21 a 40 a = 56,4% ; de 51 y más 9% EstadoCivil Sin pareja 101 Escolaridad: Básica (60%) Media (32%), Superior (8.%) Actividad Laboral Con trabajo (63.6%), sin trabajo (36.4%). Etnia: Indígena (3.3%), Blanca (96.7%) Credo: Católicos (31.4%), Evangélicos (49.5%), Sin credo (19%) Red Familiar: Con (27.3%), Sin (72,7%). Patologías no adictivas (F0) =9 , (F20)=20 (F30) =17, (F40)=1, (F6, F65.2) =35, (F70)=7, (F90)=14 .Sin consignar 3. Patologías Adictivas (F10)6, (F14)5, (F18)2, (F13)1, (F 19)55. Dualidad más habitual: F-10 / T. Orgánicos F-11 -F-12/Esquizofrenia F-14 /T. Afectivos /T. Personalidad, Diagnósticos: No adicto (25.6%) , Adicto (14%) , Duales (54.5%), Sin Diagnóstico (5.7%). Conclusiones Delitos: Robos 44, Abuso Sexual 19, Homicidio10, 1, Violencia Intrafamiliar15, Desacato 17,sin delito 4. Forenses: Responsables 54.5%) Disminuida (14%), No Responsables (23.9%) Los Imputados Duales (66) , presentan importantes diferencias con otros pacientes Duales, mayoritariamente están en la edad media de la vida, con importante incidencia de alcoholismo y Cluster B (23) Hombre /Mujer (6 a 1) mayormente bajo nivel de escolaridad, sin pareja/apoyo familiar, relevante cantidad de Evangélicos, mayoritariamente sin oficio, Responsabilidad Penal (54.5%). Se hace necesario implementar programas, para imputados Duales con el fin de lograr una inserción real a la sociedad.

OVERVIEW OF A.L. MONGAYT’S PAPERS IN THE SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVES OF THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

В статье представлен обзор личного фонда выдающегося советского археолога А. Л. Монгайта (Научно-отраслевой архив ИА РАН. Ф-14). Материалы этого фонда могут быть разделены на несколько блоков, включающих обширную полевую документацию; рабочие документы, связанные с научной деятельностью ученого, подготовкой статей и монографий; бумаги, относящиеся к общественной и служебной деятельности; биографические данные и значительный массив входящей и исходящей корреспонденции. Данный фонд в настоящее время является не только основным источником для изучения научного пути А. Л. Монгайта, но и важным ресурсом для исследований в области древнерусской архитектуры, средневековых фортификаций, памятников археологии Рязанской земли. The paper provides an overview of personal papers of A. L. Mongayt, an outstanding Soviet archaeologist (preserved in Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, F-14). The materials can be divided into several parts, including extensive field documentation; working documents related to scientific life of the scholar, preparation of papers and monographs; papers related to his public and official life; biographical data and a large set of incoming and outgoing letters. Today, these personal papers are not only the main source of exploring A. L. Mongayt’s scientific career but also an important data source for research on Medieval Russia architecture, medieval fortifications and archaeological sites in the Ryazan land.

Measuring Flourishing Among Internal Medicine and Psychiatry Residents

ABSTRACT Background Many residents experience burnout, prompting national attention to well-being; however, well-being is not merely the absence of burnout. A recently developed measure of flourishing may provide insight on this important topic. Objective We investigated flourishing in a sample of medical residents. Methods Internal medicine residents and psychiatry residents at 2 residency programs responded to a cross-sectional online survey (December 2017–February 2018), which focused on the Flourish Index (FI) and Secure Flourish Index (SFI). Both measures generate scores ranging from a low of 0 to a high of 10. Participants were queried about quality of life, burnout, work-life balance, empathic concern, and sociodemographic characteristics. Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the relationship between FI/SFI and other variables. Results The response rate was 92% (92 of 101). Participants were found to have a mean FI score of 6.8 (SD = 1.6) and mean SFI score of 6.9 (SD = 1.6). Low quality of life, low work-life balance satisfaction, high emotional exhaustion, lower empathic concern, and having a pet were all significantly associated with lower FI scores (R2 = 0.59; F[14, 69] = 7.10; P &lt; .0001), indicating lesser flourishing, controlling for other variables. Similarly, low quality of life, high emotional exhaustion, lower empathic concern, and having a pet were all significantly associated with lower SFI scores (R2 = 0.55; F[14, 69] = 6.06; P &lt; .0001), controlling for other variables. Conclusions In this sample, the flourishing indices were associated with well-being and burnout metrics.

Carvedilol Matrix Tablet: Formulation and In Vitro Assessment

The present study was conducted for preparing and assessing different in-vitro characteristics of hydrophilic polymer based matrix tablets of carvedilol. Nine formulations of matrix tablet were prepared using three hydrophilic polymers having 1% of three different dissolution enhancers. The matrix formers were sodium-carboxy methyl cellulose, Methocel K4M CR, Methocel K100M CR and the dissolution enhancers were PEG 6000, Poloxamer 188 and Kollidon-CLSF. Formulations F-10, F- 13 and F-16 contained PEG 6000 as dissolution enhancer, formulations F-11, F-14 and F-17 contained Poloxamer 188 and formulations F-12, F-15 and F-18 contained Kollidon-CLSF. Tablet granules were evaluated for bulk density (0.293 ± 0.012 to 0.310 ± 0.004 g/ml), tapped bulk density (0.368 ± 0.013 to 0.380 ± 0.012 g/ml) and compressibility index (16.612 ± 1.868 to 22.834 ± 5.426). The data indicated satisfactory flow properties of granules during compression. The tablets were subjected to thickness (1.79±0.04mm), hardness (11.46 ± 1.06 kg/cm), and friability (0.26 ± 0.06%) measurements. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 12 hrs using USP type II dissolution apparatus in 6.8 buffer as the dissolution medium where release mechanisms were subjected to zero order, first order, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Hixson-Crowell and Higuchi kinetic studies. The order of dissolution enhancing power was PEG 6000 > Poloxamer 188 >Kllidon-CLSF. The drug release from the tablets followed erosion mechanisms. Among all the formulation F-13, F-14 and F-17 exhibited USP complied in vitro dissolution profiles. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 26-31, 2020

Antibiotic activity of strains of the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium against phytopathogens

The aim of the work was the identification of the antibiotic properties of highly virulent strains of the fungus Lecanicillium. Most of the strains were more active against phytopathogenic fungi than bacteria. Strain F 14 showed high antibiotic properties against both fungal and bacterial pathogens. Strain Vl 79 (L. dimorphum) was more active against phytopathogenic fungi, and Vl 61 showed good results against bacteria.