The effect of microorganisms and heavy metals on the exudation of low molecular weight organic compounds by plant roots

The aim of our research was to study the effect of growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Variovorax paradoxus) and toxic elements (Al, Cd and Hg) on the root exudation in various pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes. For this, methods of periodic cultures, gnotobiotic plant-microbial systems, ICPE and UPLC were used. It was established that rhizobacteria actively utilized organic acids and sugars secreted by the roots and contributed to an increase in pH and Al immobilization in the rhizosphere. Cadmium increased the exudation of many substances of pea line SGE, but this effect was more pronounced in the mutant SGECdt. Stimulation of the exudation of amino acids was detected during Hg treatment to a greater extent in wild-type SGE. The combined action of Cd and Hg did not lead to a further increase in exudation. The results obtained indicate various mechanisms of exudation of the studied fractions, while the most pronounced differences are observed between the fractions of amino acids or sugars with organic acids. Exudation of organic acids plays an important role in the decreased stability and accumulation of Hg by the pea mutant SGECdt.

Search for promising bacterial strains to create new biological preparations for increasing wheat yield

The aim of this study is to search for promising strains of bacteria to create new biological products. New bacteria were isolated from wheat grains and identified by 16 S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus sp. L1 and Panaebacillus sp. L2. The cytokinin-producing bacteria Bacillussp.L 1 increased the length of the roots of plants by 70 %, the mass of roots by 17 %. N-fixing Panaebacillus sp. L2 increased the root length by 39 % and the mass by 27 %. The results of vegetation experiments on growing wheat of the ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety under controlled conditions showed an increase in wheat productivity by 15.6 % when inoculated with Bacillus sp. L1 and by 31.2 % when inoculated with Panaebacillus sp. L2. Preliminary results of vegetative experiments indicate that Bacillus sp. L1 and Panaebacillus sp. L2 can be used as an active components of biological products to increase wheat productivity.

Use of experimental biotechnology for accelerated development of breeding material

The combination of such biotechnological techniques as experimental haploidy and molecular marking allows developing breeding material with simultaneous DNA analysis of its genetic homogeneity (obtaining microsatellite profiles). According to the results of SSR genotyping, DNA passports were obtained for androgenic cultivars ‘Sonnet’ and ‘Sonata’.

The effect of potato seed material initial infection by common scab on the degree of silver scab development on tubers during storage

It is determined that over a long storage period there is a moderate inverse correlation (correlation coefficient amount to -0,63) between tubers infection by silver scab and their coating by common scab ulcers. The revealed pattern may indicate the antagonistic nature of the relationship between the disease agents.

Pests of essential oil crops grown at the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea

During the study, we found that 2019 was favourable for pests’ growth, development and spread. Cicadellidae and Aphidoidea were the most harmful and numerous ones that damaged essential oil plants. Salvia sclarea was the most susceptible among the studied plants. We also found that the number of pathogens did not exceed the economic injury level thanks to timely monitoring and weed control methods.

Morphometric characteristics of fruits of cenopopulation of Cornus mas L. distributed in different zones of the Crimea

The article provides the reader with some data on the results of two-year studies of basic characteristics of fruits of Cornus mas L. cenopopulation distributed in different regions of the Crimean Peninsula. The most promising forms that are of interest for breeding and food purposes have been identified.

Weed infestation in the crop rotations depending on the cultivation technology in the Crimea

The stationary experiment on the comparative study of the direct sowing and traditional cultivation technology was laid in 2015–2016 at the trial field of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. Two five-course crop rotations were taken as a base; all fields were included in the crop rotation. During the years of research, we observed mixed weed infestation. No matter what cultivation technology was applied, actual weed flora at the fields with winter crops was represented by overwintering and winter weeds; at the fields with spring crops – annual spring weeds. There were no rootstock grasses and rhizomatous perennial weeds or there were few of them at all fields in the experimental crop rotations both by traditional cultivation technology and direct sowing. Timely and high-quality weed control put the direct sowing on equal footing with the traditional one. It is advisable to change herbicides, their doses, as well as use tank mixes, after moving to a direct sowing system.

Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

Yield of winter wheat using complex fertilizers based on amino acids

In a three-year field study, the effect of liquid complex organomineral fertilizers based on amino acids on the yield of soft winter wheat was studied. The early leaf treatment of crops with “Polydon Amino Plus” and “Polydon Amino Mix” fertilizers increased the crop yield by 9.3 % and 11.9 %, respectively.

Ecosystem approaches in the protection of reserved forest areas from phytophagous insects

Ecosystem approaches are highly important for pest control in forest reserved areas. Their background is conservation of biodiversity, application of microbial pathogens (bacteria, viruses and fungi) and preparations. Selective and prophylactic natural remedies (attractants, repellents and deterrents) are preferable also. This complex can provide biological security of forest reservations.