Sierpinski carpet fractal monopole antenna for ultra-wideband applications

Microstrip antenna is broadly used in the modern communication system due to its significant features such as light weight, inexpensive, low profile, and ease of integration with radio frequency devices. The fractal shape is applied in antenna geometry to obtain the ultra-wideband antennas. In this paper, the sierpinski carpet fractal monopole antenna (SCFMA) is developed for base case, first iteration and second iteration to obtain the wideband based on its space filling and self-similar characteristics. The dimension of the monopole patch size is optimized to minimize the overall dimension of the fractal antenna. Moreover, the optimized planar structure is proposed using the microstrip line feed. The monopole antenna is mounted on the FR4 substrate with the thickness of 1.6 mm with loss tangent of 0.02 and relative permittivity of 4.4. The performance of this SCFMA is analyzed in terms of area, bandwidth, return loss, voltage standing wave ratio, radiation pattern and gain. The proposed fractal antenna achieves three different bandwidth ranges such as 2.6-4.0 GHz, 2.5-4.3 GHz and 2.4-4.4 GHz for base case, first and second iteration respectively. The proposed SCFMA is compared with existing fractal antennas to prove the efficiency of the SCFMA design. The area of the SCFMA is 25×20 mm², which is less when compared to the existing fractal antennas.

A Jug-Shaped CPW-Fed Ultra-Wideband Printed Monopole Antenna for Wireless Communications Networks

A type of telecommunication technology called an ultra-wideband (UWB) is used to provide a typical solution for short-range wireless communication due to large bandwidth and low power consumption in transmission and reception. Printed monopole antennas are considered as a preferred platform for implementing this technology because of its alluring characteristics such as light weight, low cost, ease of fabrication, integration capability with other systems, etc. Therefore, a compact-sized ultra-wideband (UWB) printed monopole antenna with improved gain and efficiency is presented in this article. Computer simulation technology microwave studio (CSTMWS) software is used to build and analyze the proposed antenna design technique. This broadband printed monopole antenna contains a jug-shaped radiator fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) technique. The designed UWB antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.3, loss tangent of 0.025, and a standard height of 1.6 mm, sized at 25 mm × 22 mm × 1.6 mm, suitable for wireless communication system. The designed UWB antenna works with maximum gain (peak gain of 4.1 dB) across the whole UWB spectrum of 3–11 GHz. The results are simulated, measured, and debated in detail. Different parametric studies based on numerical simulations are involved to arrive at the optimal design through monitoring the effects of adding cuts on the performance of the proposed antennas. Therefore, these parametric studies are optimized to achieve maximum antenna bandwidth with relatively best gain. The proposed patch antenna shape is like a jug with a handle that offers greater bandwidth, good gain, higher efficiency, and compact size.

RECONFIGURABLE MONOPOLE ANTENNA DESIGN BASED ON FRACTAL STRUCTURE FOR 5G APPLICATIONS

a reconfigurable antenna design for 5G applications is presented. It is based on monopole antenna and fractal structure. The design structure is consisted of (monopole) feedline, ground plane, L-shape reflector, fractal structure and PIN diodes. The antenna is printed on (25×29×1.6 mm3) FR-4 substrate of εr=4.3 and tanδ =0.001. The antenna shows a resonant frequency at 4.1 GHz with S11=-11.4 dB and Omni-direction pattern of 1.21 dB gain. The L-shaped reflector is used to maintain the radiation pattern in a specific direction. Moreover, the proposed fractal structure is found to operate as a circuit to give another resonant frequency and enhance the antenna performance. Where it is used to give more manipulation in the antenna performance including: frequency resonance and radiation patterns. The PIN-diodes are used to give many cases for more current manipulation. moreover, the authors used RF (50 SMA port) between monopole antenna and right side of ground plane to optimize directing radiation pattern and to eliminate the problems of interference between AC and DC current that produced from using PIN diode. This manipulation leads to change the resonant frequency and radiation pattern to the desired direction.So all parts are printed on a single side of FR4 substrate

Metasurface Superstrate Beam Steering Antenna with AMC for 5G/WiMAX/WLAN Applications

A beam-steering antenna based on non-uniform metasurface superstrate and AMC, operating at 3.5 GHz, is presented. The antenna can steer the beam along θ = -18° and 18° with the superstrate and along θ = 0° in the absence of the superstrate with almost zero scan loss. Antenna structure consists of a top layer of non-uniform metasurface superstrate made of a 20 × 20 grid of electrically-small square-shaped metallic pixels while the bottom part consists of AMC with a grid of 5 × 5 pixels. The radiating element, CPW-fed monopole antenna, is placed between AMC and superstrate. The fabricated prototype shows desired beam steering in directions of θ = -18°, 0°, and 18° while maintaining uniform realized gain of 5.5 dB and matches well with simulations.