Robotic-assisted genitourinary reconstruction: current state and future directions

With the widespread dissemination of robotic surgical platforms, pathology previously deemed insurmountable or challenging has been treated with reliable and replicable outcomes. The advantages of precise articulation for dissection and suturing, tremor reduction, three-dimensional magnified visualization, and minimally invasive trocar sites have allowed for the management of such diverse disease as recurrent or refractory bladder neck stenoses, and radiation-induced ureteral strictures, with excellent perioperative and functional outcomes. Intraoperative adjuncts such as near-infrared imaging aid in identification and preservation of healthy tissue. More recent developments include robotics via the single port platform, gender-affirming surgery, and multidisciplinary approaches to complex pelvic reconstruction. Here, we review the recent literature comprising developments in robotic-assisted genitourinary reconstruction, with a view towards emerging technologies and future trends in techniques.

Gross Total Resection of a Grade IV Astrocytoma Adjacent to the Precentral Gyrus With Nonawake Motor Mapping and Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring: 3-Dimensional Operative Video

Surgical treatment of the gliomas located in or adjacent to the eloquent areas poses significant challenge to neurosurgeons. The main goal of the surgery is to achieve maximal safe resection while preserving the neurological function. This might be possible with utilizing pre- and intraoperative adjuncts such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), image guidance, mapping of the function of interest, intraoperative MRI, and neurophysiological monitoring. In this video, we demonstrate the utilization of nonawake mapping and motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring for the resection of a right-sided posterior superior frontal gyrus grade IV astrocytoma adjacent to the primary motor cortex. The patient is a 69-yr-old woman presented with multiple episodes of simple partial seizures involving her left leg and spreading to the left arm. MRI and functional MRI examinations showed a heterogeneously enhancing mass with peritumoral edema adjacent to the primary motor cortex. Because the patient did not want to undergo an awake craniotomy, a decision was made to perform the resection of the tumor with nonawake motor mapping and continuous MEP monitoring. Nonawake motor mapping and MEP monitoring enabled us to perform gross total resection. Because it has been shown that supratotal resection may provide improved survival outcome,1,2 we extended the white matter resection beyond the contrast enhancing area in noneloquent parts of the tumor. Surgical steps in dealing with vascular anatomy as well as utilizing intraoperative adjuncts such as motor mapping and MEP monitoring to enhance the extent of resection while preserving the function are demonstrated in this 3-dimensional surgical video. The patient consented to publication of her operative video.

Operative Approach to Primary Hyperparathyroidism

We review the key components of the embryology and anatomy of the parathyroid glands. Here, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with intraoperative adjuncts such as intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring, four-gland exploration, subtotal parathyroidectomy, total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation, and cyropreservation are described. The incidence of postoperative complications and the technical aspects of parathyroid surgery are delineated. This review contains 3 figures, 1 tables, and 17 references. Key Words: cryopreservation, hyperparathyroidism, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy parathyroidectomy, pharyngeal pouch, recurrent laryngeal nerve, subtotal parathyroidectomy, total parathyroidectomy

Operative Approach to Primary Hyperparathyroidism

We review the key components of the embryology and anatomy of the parathyroid glands. Here, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with intraoperative adjuncts such as intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring, four-gland exploration, subtotal parathyroidectomy, total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation, and cyropreservation are described. The incidence of postoperative complications and the technical aspects of parathyroid surgery are delineated. This review contains 3 figures, 1 tables, and 17 references. Key Words: cryopreservation, hyperparathyroidism, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy parathyroidectomy, pharyngeal pouch, recurrent laryngeal nerve, subtotal parathyroidectomy, total parathyroidectomy

Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Diagnostic Challenge in a Supernumerary Intrathyroidal Dormant Adenoma

ABSTRACT Introduction Recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare entity and presents a significant surgical challenge. Presentation of case We present the case of a 53-year-old female with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism, which was caused by the very rare occurrence of a metachronous parathyroid adenoma in a supernumerary intrathyroidal parathyroid. Discussion This unique case highlights the challenges that arise in the evaluation of recurrent hyperparathyroidism in which even a thorough preoperative evaluation including radiographic, nuclear medicine studies and fine needle aspiration cytology did not facilitate a definitive preoperative diagnosis. Conclusion The management approach for these patients requires meticulous planning, experience and appropriate use of intraoperative adjuncts to guide surgical strategy. How to cite this article Lowery A, Vanbrugghe C, Golffier C, Sebag F, Henry JF. Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Diagnostic Challenge in a Supernumerary Intrathyroidal Dormant Adenoma. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(2):39-43.