Automation of Batch Casting of Cast Iron Melts in the Chill Mold in the Production of Castings of Machine Parts for the Mining Industry

The analysis of the basic parameters of the dosage of molten iron in metal forms using the magnetodynamic installation MDN-6CH. A schematic diagram has been developed for controlling the electromagnetic systems of the unit. The technology of dosing and pouring metal into the chill mold has been developed in the manufacture of cast iron balls with a diameter of 40 and 120 mm. At the optimal casting temperature, the electrical parameters of the inductor (voltage Ui, current Ii, power Ri) were in the range Ui = 250-300 V, Ii = 480-520 A, Ri = 140-160 kW. When reducing the mass of metal in the crucible MDN-6CH using a control scheme made switching inductor from a voltage of 300 V to 250 V. The power was reduced by 15-20 kW, and the temperature of the metal remained within the tolerance of the technology of metal casting. Using the adopted dosing scheme, it became possible to cast metal at constant parameters of the electromagnetic system and the time of pouring. The technology of dispensing and pouring metal into the mold for the production of cast iron balls with a diameter of 40 and 120 mm was carried out at an inductor voltage of 300 V, and the electromagnet - 220 V. The initial level of metal on the drain socket was equal to 20 mm. The molding time of molds in the manufacture of balls with a diameter of 40 mm was 7.3 s, and balls with a diameter of 120 mm - 16.2 s. The operating time of the electromechanical actuator was set in the manufacture of balls with a diameter of 40 mm - 0.35 s, and balls with a diameter of 120 mm - 0.75s. The consumption of metal in the manufacture of balls with a diameter of 40 and 120 mm was in the range of 0.7-0.75 kg / s and 1.65-1.70 kg / s, respectively. The metal casting was carried out at temperatures of 1320-1340 ° C and 1360-1380 ° C. The dosage accuracy was determined by weighing the metal of the poured balls and the molding system of the mold. Mathematical processing of the results of the dosing showed that in the manufacture of balls with a diameter of 40 mm at a temperature of 1320 °C the error of dosing is 10-11%. With increasing iron temperature, the dosage error decreases and at a metal temperature of 1370 °C is 5-6%. In the manufacture of balls with a diameter of 120 mm at a temperature of iron 1330, the dosage error is 7-8%, and at a temperature of 1360 ° C - 3-4%. The study of the characteristics of the casting and dosing process of cast iron in the chill mold allowed us to develop the technology of casting cast iron melts, which provided the required metering accuracy and high productivity of the conveyor production of grinding bodies.

IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS IN ADULTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS AT THE TEBET SUBDISTRICT HEALTH CENTER FROM JULY TO DECEMBER 2018

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The recommended TB treatment is acombination of various antibiotics in the form of a fixed-dose combination tablet or kombipak; however, this increases the prevalence of drug-relatedproblems. Therefore, this study aimed to identify drug-related problems of patients receiving TB therapy at the Tebet Subdistrict Health Center fromJuly 2018 to December 2018.Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study using the retrospective data retrieval method from prescriptions of patients withTB from July 2018 to December 2018. The classification system prepared by Cipolle, Strand, and Morley was used for the classification of drugrelatedproblems; this system includes unnecessary drug therapy, required additional drug therapy, ineffective drug, dosage error, and druginteraction.Results: The percentage of unnecessary drug therapy, required additional drug therapy, ineffective drug, dosage error, and drug interaction was2.85%, 6.89%, 1.54%, 12.46%, and 66.18%, respectively, with the occurrence of drug-related problems being the highest.Conclusion: The administration of anti-TB drugs can potentially cause drug-related problems. Therefore, the assessment needs to be optimizedbefore the administration of medications to patients and medications should be prescribed and monitored regularly to achieve rational drug use

Reducing error in anticoagulant dosing via multidisciplinary team rounding at point of care

The incorporation of a clinical pharmacist in daily rounding can help identify and correct errors related to anticoagulation dosing. Inappropriate anticoagulant dosing increases the risk of developing significant bleeding diathesis. Conversely, inappropriate dosing may also fail to produce a therapeutic response. We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of 41 patients to confirm and analyze the errors related to various anticoagulants. A clinical pharmacist in an integrated rounding between the period of February 2016 and April 2016 collected this data. We concluded that integrated rounding improves patient safety by recognizing anticoagulant dosage error used for the purpose of prophylaxis or treatment. It also allows us to make dose adjustments based on renal function of the patient. We think that it is prudent for physicians to pay particular attention to creatinine clearance when dosing anticoagulants in order to achieve the intended dosing effect and reduce the risk of adverse drug events.

Adverse Drug Events Associated with Hospital Admission

OBJECTIVE To increase the knowledge base on the frequency, causality, and avoidability of adverse drug events (ADEs) as a cause for admission in internal medicine or when occurring during hospitalization. METHODS A prospective study was performed for 6 periods of 8 days each. Epidemiologic data (e.g., age, gender, medical history), drug utilization, and adverse drug reactions on patients hospitalized during these periods were collected by a pharmacy student. RESULTS A total of 156 patients (70 men and 86 women) were included in the study. The patients’ mean age ± SD was 66.5 ± 18.1 years and mean length of stay was 13.2 ± 9 days. Renal and hepatic insufficiency and previous history of drug intolerance were observed in 17.9%, 10.2%, and 2% of the hospitalized patients, respectively. Thirty-eight ADEs occurred in 32 patients; in 15 cases, ADEs were identified as the reason for admission, 10 cases occurred during hospitalization, and 13 cases were present at admission, but were not the cause of admission. The most frequent ADEs involved the neurologic (23.6%), renal (15.7%), and hematologic (13.1%) systems. Among these 38 ADEs, 22 were considered avoidable (57.9%); 20 of these were associated with therapeutic errors (inappropriate administration, drug–drug interactions, dosage error, drug not stopped despite the onset of ADEs). Patients with ADEs stayed longer in the hospital and took more drugs both before and during their hospital stay (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Most of the ADEs observed in this study were avoidable. The risk/benefit ratio of administered drugs could be improved with better knowledge of the patients’ medical history and the risk factors of ADEs.