КОСМІЧНЕ МІКРОХВИЛЬОВЕ ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ І ТЕМНА МАТЕРІЯ

The question of the possible origin of one of the components of dark matter filling the galaxies is considered. The analysis of the “fate” of stellar electromagnetic radiation under the conditions of the eternal Universe is taken as a starting point. Based on a comparison of the average lifetime of a star in the active phase and the lifetime of the non-absorbed part of its radiation, it is concluded that the Universe is filled with stellar electromagnetic radiation. However, based on existing concepts, as well as the red shift found in the spectra of distant galaxies, the addition of new radiation to the existing in the Universe will be accompanied by the “disappearance” of radiation in the most long-wave region, that is, there will be a violation of the law of conservation of energy. The main question arises: can radiation as well as energy disappear without a trace? The answer is negative, and it is explained by the involvement of the mechanism of dissipative losses during the radiative transfer by the expanses of the Universe. For this purpose, an assumption is introduced about the presence of an agent's medium interacting with quanta of radiation with the help of excessively weak forces. It is hypothesized that photons that fall into the low-frequency region (microwave band and ranges close to it) are able to pair up in an agent's medium, creating neutral particles of extremely small masses (about 0.0013 eV). These particles - bosons - are particles of the agent itself. Based on the nature of the agent, some observational data related to the Solar System (increased distance between the Sun and the Earth, the "floating" value of the G gravitation constant, scintillations of cosmic microwave radiation), as well as detected deviations observed during spacecraft acceleration with gravitational slingshots near the Earth (Galileo, NEAR, Rosetta, Messenger, Cassini). In addition, this hypothesis regarding the origin and properties of the agent explains some of the results of laboratory research: scintillations of the rates of chemical and biochemical reactions, floating "zero" of high-precision instruments and, possibly, relaxation processes in elastic solids (material aging). The main conclusions: cosmic microwave radiation is a remnant of stellar radiation, and the agent's medium is a component of dark matter, which is closely associated with cosmic microwave radiation. Other dark matter components are extinct stars, their various cold fragments, including gases and dust, and possibly other deeper structural levels of matter.

Dipole bulk velocity based on new data sample of galaxies from the catalogue 2MFGC

We use the 2MFGC catalogue for investigation of large-scale flows on the basis of the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR). The catalogue contains 18020 galaxies selected from the extended sources of the infrared sky survey 2MASS XSC. The majority of galaxies in the catalogue are spiral galaxies of late morphological types whose discs are visible almost from the edge. For more than a decade of the catalogue usage, the number of galaxies in HyperLEDA database with the measured radial velocities and rotational velocities (that are necessary to construct the TFR) has been increased by about 17%. In this paper, an updated working sample of 2MFGC galaxies is presented and earlier results are revised taking into account new data. We have confined ourselves to comparison of only the "old" and "new" parameters of the dipole component of the velocity field. The dipole bulk motion of galaxies of this sample with respect to cosmic microwave radiation is characterised by a velocity of V=264±36 km/s in the direction l=308°±8°, b=-16°±6°.

Dark Matter and Dark Energy Induced by Condensates

It is shown that the vacuum condensate induced by many phenomena behaves as a perfect fluid which, under particular conditions, has zero or negative pressure. In particular, the condensates of thermal states of fields in curved space and of mixed particles have been analyzed. It is shown that the thermal states with the cosmic microwave radiation temperature and the Unruh and the Hawking radiations give negligible contributions to the critical energy density of the universe, while the thermal vacuum of the intercluster medium could contribute to the dark matter, together with the vacuum energy of fields in curved space-time and of mixed neutrinos. Moreover, a component of the dark energy can be represented by the vacuum of axion-like particles mixed with photons and superpartners of neutrinos. The formal analogy among the systems characterized by the condensates can open new scenarios in the possibility of detecting the dark components of the universe in table top experiments.