scholarly journals КОСМІЧНЕ МІКРОХВИЛЬОВЕ ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ І ТЕМНА МАТЕРІЯ

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Анатолий Николаевич Нарожный
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Cosmic Microwave Radiation

The question of the possible origin of one of the components of dark matter filling the galaxies is considered. The analysis of the “fate” of stellar electromagnetic radiation under the conditions of the eternal Universe is taken as a starting point. Based on a comparison of the average lifetime of a star in the active phase and the lifetime of the non-absorbed part of its radiation, it is concluded that the Universe is filled with stellar electromagnetic radiation. However, based on existing concepts, as well as the red shift found in the spectra of distant galaxies, the addition of new radiation to the existing in the Universe will be accompanied by the “disappearance” of radiation in the most long-wave region, that is, there will be a violation of the law of conservation of energy. The main question arises: can radiation as well as energy disappear without a trace? The answer is negative, and it is explained by the involvement of the mechanism of dissipative losses during the radiative transfer by the expanses of the Universe. For this purpose, an assumption is introduced about the presence of an agent's medium interacting with quanta of radiation with the help of excessively weak forces. It is hypothesized that photons that fall into the low-frequency region (microwave band and ranges close to it) are able to pair up in an agent's medium, creating neutral particles of extremely small masses (about 0.0013 eV). These particles - bosons - are particles of the agent itself. Based on the nature of the agent, some observational data related to the Solar System (increased distance between the Sun and the Earth, the "floating" value of the G gravitation constant, scintillations of cosmic microwave radiation), as well as detected deviations observed during spacecraft acceleration with gravitational slingshots near the Earth (Galileo, NEAR, Rosetta, Messenger, Cassini). In addition, this hypothesis regarding the origin and properties of the agent explains some of the results of laboratory research: scintillations of the rates of chemical and biochemical reactions, floating "zero" of high-precision instruments and, possibly, relaxation processes in elastic solids (material aging). The main conclusions: cosmic microwave radiation is a remnant of stellar radiation, and the agent's medium is a component of dark matter, which is closely associated with cosmic microwave radiation. Other dark matter components are extinct stars, their various cold fragments, including gases and dust, and possibly other deeper structural levels of matter.

scholarly journals КОМПОНЕНТ ТЕМНОЇ МАТЕРІЇ І СОНЦЕ

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
А. Н. Нарожный ◽  
Д. М. Шлифер
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Stellar Radiation ◽  
The Galaxy

Some consequences from the hypothesis of the origin of particles of one of the components of dark matter are presented. The reason for the hypothesis was the observational data of stellar radiation, considered through the prism of the relationship of all phenomena in Nature and the law of conservation of energy. It is argued that a part of the stellar electromagnetic radiation, which does not participate in the interaction with baryonic matter, will not wander forever in space. This radiation will interact with a subtle level of matter, continuously giving it its energy, shifting to the microwave region. In this frequency region, two quanta of close energies can form a neutral boson of spin 0, or spin 2, on opposite “courses”. Based on the observed spectrum of cosmic microwave radiation, it is assumed that these Bose particles have a continuous mass spectrum. These light nonrelativistic bosons are precisely the component of the thin medium that interacts with stellar radiation, taking energy from it. Bose particles participate in gravitational interactions. This means that in addition to the distribution of dark matter around galaxies, an increased concentration of particles in the form of large clouds can be observed in it. If an internal shock wave appears in such a cloud, located far from galactic streams of baryon particles, it will destroy the particles of the cloud, creating “strange radio circles” visible exclusively in the radio range. The gravitational interaction causes dark particles to drift towards large clusters of visible matter. The process of their drift to massive objects will be accompanied by resistance from the outgoing stellar radiation. Therefore, near the surface of a burning star, these particles themselves will resist the outgoing radiation, shifting it towards longer wavelengths. The plasma ejected by the star, with sufficient energy of its particles, is capable of destroying the particles of the dark component, creating pairs of photons and providing itself with "seed" quanta for bremsstrahlung. Free quanta remaining from the decay of dark particles will give microwave radiation. Therefore, burning stars should exhibit a redshift in the emission spectra and microwave radiation. Taking a certain model in the distribution of the dark component of matter near the Sun, it is possible to predict the nature of the redshift in the spectra of its radiation as the observation point moves along the solar disk from its center to the limb. A similar conclusion is made regarding the intensity of microwave radiation near the surface of the star. The galactic movement of the Sun should lead to some temperature effects associated with a denser counter flow of dark particles to the corresponding area of the solar surface. Knowing the direction of motion of the Sun in the Galaxy, based on the results of the temperature deviation on the surface of the star, one can determine the local speed and direction of movement of the cloud of the dark component of matter.

Dark Matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Bertone
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
Large Effort ◽  
The Universe

I introduce here the problem of dark energy, a substance that appears to be pushing the Universe to expand ever faster and discuss the large effort currently in place to understand its origin. I describe the surprising recent discovery of a widening crack in the cathedral of modern cosmology arising from the measurement of the expansion rate of the Universe. And I argue that gravitational waves observations can help us to either repair that crack, or to bring down that magnificent building, in case it turns out to be fatally flawed. Before all women and all men. Before animals, plants, archaeans, bacteria. Before the Earth was formed and the stars were lit. Before everything we know, the Universe was immersed in an amorphous and oblivious darkness.

scholarly journals Dark Matter - Are They Insulators to Electromagnetic Radiation?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayan Bag ◽  
Arijit Bag
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Outstanding Problem ◽  
Normal Matter ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Peculiar Behavior

The detection of Dark Matter is the greatest outstanding problem in modern cosmology. Several attempts have been taken for this without any remarkable success. To find out a suitable way of detection we need to understand its nature comprehensively. In the present article, a hypothesis is described considering Dark Matter as a normal matter. Its peculiar behavior is explained considering its existence in BEC state in the coolest part of the universe that makes it an electromagnetic insulator. Depending upon this hypothesis an experimental verification method is proposed.

scholarly journals The Evaporation of Strange Matter in the Early Universe

1987 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 489-489
Author(s):  
Charles Alcock ◽  
Edward Farhi
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Strange Matter ◽  
Strange Quarks ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Quark Phase

A new candidate for the dark matter of the universe is strange matter. This substance consists of roughly equal numbers of up, down and strange quarks confined in a quark phase which is conjectured to have a lower energy per baryon number than ordinary nuclei. Strange matter is absolutely stable, has a density comparable to that of nuclei and can exist in lumps ranging in size from a few fermis to ∼ 10 km. If it is distributed in space in lumps larger than ∼ 1 cm, it could close the universe without ever encountering the earth and would be astronomically unobservable.

scholarly journals A Thermodynamic Approach towards Understanding the Dark Universe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Melendres
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Thermodynamic Approach ◽  
Quantum Space ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Model Fits

We present a thermodynamic approach in modeling the evolution of the universe based on a theory that space consists of energy quanta and is the cosmic fluid component of the universe. It provides an insight on the nature of dark energy and dark matter, as well as a rationale for the accelerated expansion of the universe. The universe started from an atomic size volume of an ideal gas at very high temperature and pressure. Upon expansion and cooling, phase transitions occurred resulting in the formation of fundamental particles, and matter. These nucleate and grow into stars, galaxies, and clusters with the aid of gravity. From the cooling curve of the universe we constructed a thermodynamic phase diagram of cosmic composition, from which we obtained a correlation between dark energy and the energy of space. Using Friedmann’s equations, our model fits well the WMAP data on cosmic composition with an equation of state parameter, w = −0.7. The dominance of dark energy started at 7.25 × 109 years, in good agreement with BOSS measurements. The expansion of space is attributed to Quintessence associated with a quantum space field. Dark Matter is identified as a plasma form of matter similar to that which existed during the photon epoch, prior to recombination. The thermodynamics of expansion of the universe was adiabatic and decelerating during the first 7 billion years after the Big Bang; it became non-adiabatic and accelerating thereafter. The latter maybe due to an influx of energy from a source outside the universe, if it is open. If it is closed, thermodynamics requires that the pressure of space be negative. Said pressure would cause the accelerated expansion of the universe in accordance with the theory of General Relativity, and the law of conservation of energy. We provide a mechanism to explain this. The acceleration should not be interpreted as due to a repulsive form of gravity. Our Quantum Space model fits well the behavior of the observable universe.

scholarly journals Dark Matter and Dark Energy Induced by Condensates

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Capolupo
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Vacuum Condensate ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Critical Energy Density ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Cosmic Microwave Radiation ◽  
Thermal States

It is shown that the vacuum condensate induced by many phenomena behaves as a perfect fluid which, under particular conditions, has zero or negative pressure. In particular, the condensates of thermal states of fields in curved space and of mixed particles have been analyzed. It is shown that the thermal states with the cosmic microwave radiation temperature and the Unruh and the Hawking radiations give negligible contributions to the critical energy density of the universe, while the thermal vacuum of the intercluster medium could contribute to the dark matter, together with the vacuum energy of fields in curved space-time and of mixed neutrinos. Moreover, a component of the dark energy can be represented by the vacuum of axion-like particles mixed with photons and superpartners of neutrinos. The formal analogy among the systems characterized by the condensates can open new scenarios in the possibility of detecting the dark components of the universe in table top experiments.

scholarly journals The paradox of increasing mass

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre GEORGES
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Relative Conservation ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

As demonstrated by Pound-Rebka experiment, the wave period of an electromagnetic radiation can be contracted or dilated due to the deformation of the geometry of Space-Time. In cosmology, this principle is the explanation of the phenomenon of gravitational redshift, highlighting an expansion of the universe caused by space dilation. One of the consequences of this fact is a kind of rupture of energy conservation, directly induced by the Planck-Einstein relation, which would then be a relative conservation of energy. In this paper, this phenomenon will be extended to mass particles, by the applying De Broglie's thesis, which will pose a mass conservation paradox. This paradox will show that mass is, like energy, relative to the deformation of the geometry of space-time in which the object is situated. No sufficient solution will be made here to this paradox.

‘A pinch of unseen, unguarded dust’: The World and Self in Thomas Hardy's Poems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Monika Szuba
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Recurrent Theme ◽  
Body Subject

The essay discusses selected poems from Thomas Hardy's vast body of poetry, focusing on representations of the self and the world. Employing Maurice Merleau-Ponty's concepts such as the body-subject, wild being, flesh, and reversibility, the essay offers an analysis of Hardy's poems in the light of phenomenological philosophy. It argues that far from demonstrating ‘cosmic indifference’, Hardy's poetry offers a sympathetic vision of interrelations governing the universe. The attunement with voices of the Earth foregrounded in the poems enables the self's entanglement in the flesh of the world, a chiasmatic intertwining of beings inserted between the leaves of the world. The relation of the self with the world is established through the act of perception, mainly visual and aural, when the body becomes intertwined with the world, thus resulting in a powerful welding. Such moments of vision are brief and elusive, which enhances a sense of transitoriness, and, yet, they are also timeless as the self becomes immersed in the experience. As time is a recurrent theme in Hardy's poetry, this essay discusses it in the context of dwelling, the provisionality of which is demonstrated in the prevalent sense of temporality, marked by seasons and birdsong, which underline the rhythms of the world.

Argument from Chance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Łukasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Evidential Argument ◽  
Theistic Argument ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Argument From Evil ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Small Probabilities

In the article, first I present the atheistic argument from pointless evil and the argument from chance. The essence of the argument from chance consists in the incompatibility of the existence of purposeless events and the existence of a God who planned the universe to the last detail. Second, I would like to show that there is a relation between the evidential argument from evil and the argument from chance. An analysis of the theistic argument from small probabilities is a helpful starting point for the presentation of how the two arguments are related.

An Interview with the Physicist that Her Head in the Universe and Both Feet on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Put simply, Lisa Randall’s job is to figure out how the universe works, and what it’s made of. Her contributions to theoretical particle physics include two models of space-time that bear her name. The first Randall–Sundrum model addressed a problem with the Standard Model of the universe, and the second concerned the possibility of a warped additional dimension of space. In this work, we caught up with Randall to talk about why she chose a career in physics, where she finds inspiration, and what advice she’d offer budding physicists. This article has been edited for clarity. My favourite quote in this interview is, “Figure out what you enjoy, what your talents are, and what you’re most curious to learn about.” If you insterest in her work, you can contact her on Twitter @lirarandall.

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