THE CHANGING PRACTICE OF RIOTING: REVISITING REPERTOIRE TRANSITIONS IN BRITAIN, 1800–1939*

This article uses a systematic catalogue of 414 riots in Liverpool, Glasgow, and Manchester to examine the changing practice of rioting from 1800 to 1939. Three empirical findings emerge: first, over this period, riots went from being an autonomous tactic to one which was largely subordinated to other protest logics; second, the way rioters chose their targets changed: instead of targeting individuals with whom rioters had concrete relationships, they started targeting people as tokens of some wider type; third, throughout this period rioting remained a localized practice that reflected local traditions and dynamics. On the basis of these findings, I revisit the orthodox history of social movements and suggest we refine this narrative to explicitly acknowledge continuity in the repertoire of contention, regional variation, the uneven reach of the state, and to properly distinguish between individual practices like demonstrations, composite forms like social movements, and the repertoire as a whole.

The changing practice of rioting: Revisiting repertoire transitions in Britain, 1800-1939

This paper uses a systematic catalogue of 414 riots in Liverpool, Glasgow and Manchester to examine the changing practice of rioting from 1800 to 1939. Three empirical findings emerge: first, over this period, riots went from being an autonomous tactic to one which was largely subordinated to other protest logics; second, the way rioters chose their targets changed: instead of targeting individuals with whom rioters had concrete relationships, they started targeting people as tokens of some wider type; third, throughout this period rioting was a localised practice which reflected local traditions and dynamics. On the basis of these findings, I revisit the orthodox history of social movements and suggest we refine this narrative to explicitly acknowledge continuity in the repertoire of contention, regional variation, the uneven reach of the state and to properly distinguish between individual practices like demonstrations, composite forms like social movements and the repertoire as a whole.

The Library of the Headquarters of the Border Guard Special Corps. To the 125th Anniversary of the Corps Foundation

Due to the lack of studies on the history of librarianship in the Border Guard Special Corps (BGSC), this article considers for the first time the history of creation and development of the library at its headquarters. The purpose of the article is the reconstruction of the library stocks, first of all its quantitative indices and thematic content, basing on “The Library Catalogue of the Headquarters of the Border Guard Special Corps” of 1906. The author widely used the method of comparative analysis, which allowed to reveal the catalogue shortcomings, common to pre-revolutionary libraries, and specific features of catalogue compilation, to identify similarities and differences in the subject matter of the available publications and their distribution between Military Department divisions with similar book collections (using the example of “Systematic Catalogue of books of the Library of Headquarters of the Moscow Military District, published in the same 1906, and three additions to it). The core of the source base of the study were the library catalogues and orders of the chiefs of the Border Guard. This study allowed the author to establish the date of creation of the library, which should be considered January 30, 1895, as on that day the Corps Headquarters Order No. 12 recorded the first receipt of books and quantitative indices of the stock, which included 33 authors (names) in 110 volumes. According to the catalogue, by 1906 the library included 454 authors (names) of publications in 1396 volumes. The article revealed the existence of one more library at the headquarters of the BGSC, arranged and operated at Corps Museum. The results show that organising and development of libraries at the headquarters of BGSC and its structural units went in one course with the establishment and further existence of libraries of the Military Department. They had similar departments, same sources of accession, including from the General Staff, depended on the attitude of higher administration and the initiative of the officers themselves.

Impact of Plant Invasions on Local Vegetation: An Indian Perspective

ABSTRACT: Invasive species are key operators of worldwide ecological change causing the loss of biodiversity, modifying structure and functioning of bio-system, and disturbing establishment of ecosystem amenities throughout the world. About 8.6% of the overall flora of India is alien. A considerable rise in worldwide trade and travel is expected to accelerate entry, spreading and eventual establishment of foreign species in India. Whereas the systematic catalogue of non-native species incarnates the primary vital stage, however, more comprehensive investigations on description of alien species in India, study of their potential invasion environments, recognition of possible ways of invasion and their impact on local vegetation are still missing. The present study reports the incidence of 173 species of alien flora in India, their origins from different parts of the globe belonging to a diverse array of families with an emphasis on the adverse effect of important invasive species on the local vegetation so as to generate an understanding of plant invasions and develop policy framework for their management.

The History of Systematic Catalogue of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library. The Initial Stage of Creation, 1924—1929

The article, based on the results of planned research carried out in the Department of scientific systematization of literature (DSSL) of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library (RASL), considers the poorly studied period in the history of the RASL systematic catalogue — the second half of the 1920s. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the initial stage of creation of systematic card catalogue of RASL, basing on archival documents. The author presents the history of the first functional Department of the Library — Systematization Department of the II (Foreign) Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library, organized to complete the systematic card catalogue. The article describes the circumstances of the formation of the Department: existence of two branches of the library (I — Russian and II — Foreign), domestic difficulties, acute shortage personnel, the presence of an array of items without shelf marks, the use of outdated classification. The author presents a number of persons who started to work in the Department in 1924—1925: S.S. Abramovich-Baranovsky, A.A. Arnoldi, N.A. Burov, G.G. Geld, A.A. Gizetti, V.S. Zolotilov, S.V. Melikova-Tolstaya, V.S. Serebrenikov, etc. The article considers the main functional responsibilities assigned to the Department: systematization of the book collections, organization of systematic card catalogue, foreign books acquisition, composing and reviewing of the rules and instructions, preparation of scientific conclusions on books, participation in the organization of exhibitions, compilation of bibliography. The author describes in detail the results of work in 1924—1925: the restored method of book systematization according to K.M. Baer system, preparation of the instructional and methodical apparatus, and compilation of the card catalogue of publications up to 1914. The article presents the brief observation of the proposals to improve the classification of K.M Baer. The improvement included expansion of the classification, destruction of completely outdated units, transfer of some units of the system in the relevant modern scientific classification departments and subsections, and updating of the scientific terminology. The author highlighted and marked the traditions established in the 1920s, which later became the basis for human, organizational and methodological policy of the RASL Department, existing now for 95 years: reflection in the systematic catalogue of all types of publications coming to the library, involvement in the Department of specialists of certain branches of knowledge and activities, assignment to specialists of the relevant sections of catalogue. The refusal of K.M. Baer classification in 1930 marked the entry of RASL into the next stage of the history, during which the restructuring of the entire library was carried out on the functional basis, and the development of its own classification schedules began.