Evaluation of Parameter Settings for Training Neural Networks Using Backpropagation Algorithms

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are widely used for classification, and the training algorithm commonly used is the backpropagation (BP) algorithm. The major bottleneck faced in the backpropagation neural network training is in fixing the appropriate values for network parameters. The network parameters are initial weights, biases, activation function, number of hidden layers and the number of neurons per hidden layer, number of training epochs, learning rate, minimum error, and momentum term for the classification task. The objective of this work is to investigate the performance of 12 different BP algorithms with the impact of variations in network parameter values for the neural network training. The algorithms were evaluated with different training and testing samples taken from the three benchmark clinical datasets, namely, Pima Indian Diabetes (PID), Hepatitis, and Wisconsin Breast Cancer (WBC) dataset obtained from the University of California Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository.

Modeling and Algorithm Research on Identification of Wrong Wiring Power Supply Region based on Classification Analysis

The wrong wiring of the power supply region directly affects the accuracy of the metering data. This paper based on the existing data of the power supply regions, defined four indicators which include minimum negative line loss rate, maximum positive line loss rate, minimum power factor and maximum number of negative power values. Then by using the four indicators before and after the wrong wiring rectification of the historical wrong wiring regions and the decision tree algorithm, the wrong wiring regions identification model was built. The identification model was used to identify the wrong wiring regions in all regions of the power company, and the regions identified as wrong wiring by the model were inspected on-site. The inspection result shows that the precision of the model is satisfactory, which can effectively improve the inspection and rectification efficiency of the wrong wiring regions.

Natural increase, net replacement rate, output and population dynamic of Aceh cattle in Livestock Breeding and Forage Center of Indrapuri

This study aimed to estimate natural increase (NI), net replacement rate (NRR), output, and population dynamics of Aceh cattle at Livestock Breeding and Forage Center in Indrapuri, Aceh province. Data of population structure, mortality, birth rate, the number of animals entering the herd, and the number of animals released from the herd during 2019were used for determining NIandNRR, and it isusedfor estimation of output. Population structure data (2015-2019) were used to estimate the population dynamics. The results showed that NI was 19.08% (medium category). The availability of replacement stock exceeded the need for replacement (140.08% for male and 73.33% for female); the NRR was 240.08% (male) and 173.33% (female). The output of Aceh cattle was 3.92% (culled male), 5.58% (culled female); the remaining replacement stocks were 5.49% (male) and 4.09% (female) of the total population. The population of Aceh cattle from 2020 to 2024 was expected to increase by 6.02% (65 heads) on average. In conclusion, that BPTU-HPT Indrapuri can be categorized as a beef cattle producing region, but still need efforts to increase natural increase by increasing birth rate minimum 32.77% and reducing mortality maximum 3.0%, in combination with better management systems.

347 Choosing an external marker for measuring intake and digestibility in ruminants

Proper nutrition is key to maintaining and improving animal productivity. Measuring intake and site and extent of digestion is essential for appropriate diet formulation. However, it is extremely difficult to accurately account for the dynamic nature of the ruminant digestive tract. External markers have long been used as a tool to measure digesta output, yet proper marker selection can be challenging. The aim of this review is to provide guidance in the selection of external markers in ruminant nutrition studies. External markers must satisfy certain requirements in order to be considered a valid marker. These requirements include, but are not limited to, being inert in the gastrointestinal tract, mixing with the digesta, and having high recovery rate in the feces. In addition, laboratory analysis needs to be easily reproducible within and amongst laboratories. Health hazards of the marker must also be kept in mind for the laboratory worker and the animal. There are a number of elements that have been utilized as external markers. Currently in the literature, chromic oxide (Cr2O3), long-chain alkanes (C32 to C36) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are the most commonly used external markers. Each have been extensively evaluated and have their own positive and negative attributes. Results comparing fecal recoveries has been extensively reported in various diets fed to large and small ruminants. Of the three most widely utilized external markers, all have demonstrated adequate fecal recoveries, reasonable estimates of total duodenal and fecal digesta flows or output. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate marker comes down to the ease and accuracy at which analysis can be conducted, dosage rate, minimum dosage frequency, and safety to the user and animal.

Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) di Provinsi Jambi

This research aim to: First, analyze the development of labor force participation rate, minimum wages, consumer price index and gross regional domestic product in Jambi Province. This study use time series data between 2000-2017 with data analysis method used namely quantitative descriptive analysis and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Based on the result of data processing using the OLS method in multiple regression equations in 2000-2017 results were obtained. That the average development of the labor force participation rate, minimum wage, consumer price index and gross regional domestic product fluctuative from year to year. Based on processing data obtained results: (1) Consumer price index variable have a positive and not significant effect on labor force participation rate in Jambi Province; (2) The variable minimum wages and gross regional domestic product have a positive and significant effect on minimum wages in Jambi Province. Keywords: Labor Force Participation Rate, Minimum Wages, Consumer Price Indexand, and Gross Regional Domestic Product.

Peranan industri sub sektor perhotelan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi Jambi

This study aims to determine the effect of Number of Hotels, Number of Rooms, Room Occupancy Rates, Minimum Wages on employment opportunities in Hotels in Jambi Province. This study uses an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis model.Based on the results of the regression analysis, it is known that the variable number of hotels and minimum wages has a significant effect on the level of employment in Jambi Province, while the variable number of rooms and occupancy rates have no significant effect on the employment of industrial labor in the hotel sub-sector in Jambi Province. Keywords: Number of Hotels, Number of Rooms, Occupancy Rate, Minimum Wage, Absorption of Labor.

Valuation of Guaranteed Unitized Participating Life Insurance under MEGB2 Distribution

Crisis events have significantly changed the view that extreme events in financial markets have negligible probability. Especially in the life insurance market, the price of guaranteed participating life insurance contract will be affected by a change in asset volatility which leads to the fluctuations in embedded option value. Considering the correlation of different asset prices, MEGB2 (multivariate exponential generalized beta of the second kind) distribution is proposed to price guaranteed participating life insurance contract which can effectively describe the dependence structure of assets under some extreme risks. Assuming the returns of two different assets follow the MEGB2 distribution, a multifactor fair valuation pricing model of insurance contract is split into four components: the basic contract, the annual dividend option, the terminal dividend option, and the surrender option. This paper studies the effect of death rate, minimum guaranteed yield rate, annual dividend ratio, terminal dividend ratio, and surrender on the embedded option values and calculates the single premium of the insurance contract under different influence factors. The Least-Squares Monte Carlo simulation method is used to simulate the pricing model. This article makes a comparison in the sensitivity of the pricing parameters under the MEGB2 distribution and Multivariate Normal distribution asset returns. Finally, an optimal hedging strategy is designed to cover the possible risks of the underlying assets, which can effectively hedge the risks of portfolio.

The Effects of Different Levels of Ambient Oxygen in an Oxygen-Enriched Surgical Environment and Production of Surgical Fires

Surgical fires require an oxygen-enriched environment, a flammable substrate, and an ignition source. We hypothesized ambient oxygen concentration is proportional to the latency time to combustion and the incidence of surgical fires that are detected. We examined latency time and number of events, utilizing the VanCleave et al model of intraoral fire ignition under 60, 80, and 100% oxygen concentration and flow rates of 4 and 10 L/min. Results demonstrated that ambient oxygen concentration and flow rate correlated positively to the initiation of combustion. The number of combustion events with 60% oxygen was significantly lower than with both 80% (p = .0168) and 100% (p = .002). Likewise, the number of events with 80% oxygen was significantly lower than with 100% oxygen (p = .0019). Flow rate has a significant effect on the time to the first event (p = .0002), time to first audible pop (p = .0039), and time to first flash or fire (p < .0001). No combustion occurred at oxygen concentrations less than 60% or flows less than 4 L/min. We conclude that latency time to combustion is directly proportional to ambient oxygen concentration and flow rate. Minimum oxygen concentration and flow rate were identified in our model. Further research is indicated to determine the minimal clinical oxygen concentration and flow rate needed to support combustion of an intraoral fire in a patient.

Opposing effects of population density and stress on Escherichia coli mutation rate

Evolution depends on mutations. For an individual genotype, the rate at which mutations arise is known to increase with various stressors (stress-induced mutagenesis – SIM) and decrease at high population density (density-associated mutation-rate plasticity – DAMP). We hypothesised that these two forms of mutation rate plasticity would have opposing effects across a nutrient gradient. Here we test this hypothesis, culturing Escherichia coli bacteria in increasingly rich media. We distinguish an increase in mutation rate with added nutrients through SIM (dependent on error-prone polymerases Pol IV and Pol V) and an opposing effect of DAMP (dependent on MutT, which removes oxidised G nucleotides). The combination of DAMP and SIM result in a mutation rate minimum at intermediate nutrient levels (which can support 7×108 cells ml−1). These findings demonstrate a strikingly close and nuanced relationship of ecological factors – stress and population density – with mutation, the fuel of all evolution.