Potential Security Vulnerabilities of the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard and a Proposed Solution Against the Dissociation Process

Many different networks that rely on short-distance wireless technology for their functions utilize the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard, especially in the case of systems that experience a low level of traffic. The networks using this standard are typically based on the Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network, herein called the LR-WPAN; this network is used for the provision of both the physical layer, herein referred to as the PHY, and the media access control, herein abbreviated as the MAC. There are four security features in the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard that are designed to ensure the safe and secure transmission of data through the network. Disconnection from the network is managed and controlled by the message authentication code, herein referred to as the MAC, while the coordinator personal area network, herein abbreviated as the PAN, is also able to trigger the disconnection. However, the process of disconnection from the network is one area of vulnerability to denial-of-service attacks, herein referred to as DoS; this highlights a major shortcoming of the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard’s security features. This paper is intended to contribute to the improvement of security for the IEEE network by conducting a specific and in-depth review of available literature as well as conducting an analysis of the disassociation process. In doing so, potential new threats will be highlighted, and this data can be used to improve the security of the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard. Overall, in this paper, the role of the Castalia tool in the OMNET++ environment is analysed and interpreted for these potential new threats. Also, this paper proposes a solution to such threats to improve the security IEEE 802.15.4 disassociation process. Keywords: Disassociation vulnerability of IEEE 802.15.4 Standard, DoS attack, IoT security.

Simulation and experimental study on PID control of a quadrotor MAV with perturbation

This paper presents a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) flight controller for a quadrotor micro air vehicle (MAV). The MAV (Parrot Mambo minidrones) is small, therefore, a slight perturbation will affect its performance. Hence, for the actuated dynamics, roll (ϕ), pitch (θ), yaw (ψ), and z stabilization, a PID control scheme is proposed. Furthermore, the same controller technique is also applied for under-actuated dynamics x and y position control. The newtonian model is simulated using simulink with a normal Gaussian noise of force as external disturbances. using simulink support package for Parrot Minidrones by MATLAB and based on the simulation parameter, the algorithm is deployed using Bluetooth® Low energy connection via personal area network (PAN). A slight force by hand is applied as perturbation during hovering to investigation system performances. Finally, the simulation and experimental on this commercial MAV, Parrot Mambo minidrones shows good performance of the flight controller scheme in the presence of external disturbances.

Design and Attainment Assessment of Different Protocols for Smart Industry to Observe and Control Gas Leakage Employing WSN

Harmful gases leaking from the equipment that are installed in the industries cause huge loss of lives of the workers as well as people living nearby the industries. The main causes for the gas leakage are poorly maintained machines, leaky storage tanks. So, focusing on the concentration of harmful toxic gases, a virtual analysis has done using QualNet 6.1. Different numbers of nodes have dropped randomly in different terrain areas. Three protocols LRWPAN, LRWPAND, LRWPANDMC have been used to virtually analyze the gas leakage scenario. These sensors detect the gases when the leakage is near about or more than the limit. At each time some nodes will be in sleep mode and others will be in active mode, this mechanism will increase the lifetime of the battery, as changing battery frequently will not be possible especially in remote areas. The crucial profit of this paper is to show the network performance which is simulated with a sink node receiving packets for different time duration and at different frequencies. The idea is to find out the optimal and efficient network for fast information flow with 50, 100, 300 nodes. The terrain area of the network is 100×50 m2 , 100×100 m2 , 500×500 m 2 with the communication range of 10 m. The routing protocols implemented are Low-Rate Personal Area Network (LRPAN), Low-Rate Personal Area Network with Drift (LRPAND) and Low-Rate Personal Area Network with Drift and Multi-Channel. This paper has evaluated and analyzed the influence of packet flow at the different frequencies of 2.425, 2.450, 2.475 and 2.480 GHz. It is analyzed that performance of each protocol has varied significantly for different number of nodes. The performance of the network is improved by the different frequencies instead of 2.4 GHZ frequency. The parameters average end to end delay (seconds), jitter (seconds), throughput (bits per second) and network lifetime (hours) for different protocols such as LRPAN, LRPAND and LRPANDMC for different numbers of nodes 50, 100 and 300 are evaluated and compared. The optimum results are obtained by the LRPANDMC in the simulation process. Evaluation and analysis of the influence of different protocols on different number of nodes for different parameters has been done to determine most effective protocol. This type of network can be used in oil and gas industries, petroleum industries at remote areas where there are high chances of gas leakage incidents. The aim is to provide information in real-time scenario virtually.

ANALISIS JARINGAN LAN di PT RAPP

Perkembangan teknologi internet saat ini semakin memudahkan berbagai kalangan untuk saling berinteraksi atau bertukar informasi hingga milyaran data serta segudang manfaat lainnya dalam sebuah jaringan komputer atau lebih. Secara umum terdapat empat jenis jaringan komputer yaitu PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) dan WAN (Wide Area Network). PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper adalah salah satu pemain terkemuka di industri serat, pulp dan kertas global. Berkantor pusat di Singapura, yang memiliki perkebunan serat utama dan operasi manufaktur di Indonesia, memanfaatkan jaringan LAN untuk menghubungkan komputer satu dengan komputer lainnya. Pada jam-jam tertentu banyak client yang menggunakan jaringan secara bersamaan sehingga koneksi menjadi lambat. Terdapat client yang tidak mendapat IP, diakibatkan terserang oleh virus. Untuk itulah penulis melakukan penelitian pada jaringan LAN PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper agar dapat membantu menangani permasalahan yang terjadi. LAN tergolong jaringan komunikasi kecepatan tinggi dan sifatnya dipengaruhi oleh media transmisi bersama dengan topologi dan protokol yang digunakan. Topologi yang digunakan dalam jaringan yang terbentuk di PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper adalah topologi bintang atau star, dan Jaringan Local Area Network (LAN) yang ada pada PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper Pangkalan Kerinci menggunakan jaringan VPN IP tunnel by mikrotik.

I Am the Institution

The way adults pursue their education through life is changing as the technology around us relentlessly continues to enhance our quality of life and further enhances every aspect of the different tasks we set out to perform. This exploratory chapter looks into how every adult can embody a comprehensive set of academic services, platforms, and systems to assist every individual in the educational goals that one sets. A combination of three distinct technologies are presented together with how they not only come together but complement each other around a person in what is usually referred to as a personal area network. The network in this case incorporates an intelligent personal learning environment providing personalised content, intelligent wearables closer to the user to provide additional contextual customisation, and a surrounding ambient intelligent environment to close a trio of technologies around every individual.