Simulation of Energy and Media Demand of Beverage Bottling Plants by Automatic Model Generation

Facing environmental challenges, high energy costs and a growing public awareness, the global brewing industry is increasingly publishing ambitious targets toward a more sustainable production. Small and medium-sized enterprises of the brewing and beverage industry cannot ensure energy and media efficiency mainly due to capital and knowledge inadequacy. This article addresses this problem and presents a pragmatic method to determine the energy and media demand. Accordingly, a modeling editor as well as a standardized data structure and automatic simulation parameter determination tools were developed to implement the method. A given production plant can be modeled with adequate details using the presented editor. Based on a configuration file, a holistic simulation model can be generated automatically in a simulation environment. A beverage bottling plant was studied, and the necessary datasets were obtained for implementing the proposed editor and, thereby, the method. It was confirmed that the simulated values of electrical energy and compressed air consumption match the measured empirical data. The measures to increase energy and media efficiency were also found effective. Using the presented method, enterprises of the brewing and beverage industry can easily uncover avenues for potential savings, test the effectiveness of optimization strategies, and substantiate possible investment decisions.

POD-Based Model Order Reduction for Tire-Soil Interaction Simulations

The objective of this study is to develop model order reduction capabilities for high-fidelity off-road mobility simulations. The model reduction technique using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is implemented at the level of the numerical solver in order to decrease the number of equations that need to be solved at each iteration of the solution procedure. The POD is, however, limited in that the modes are dependent on snapshot data collected during the running of a full order model (FOM), limiting the modes to being accurate only for the specific scenario from which they were collected. Due to this limitation, a method of mode adaptation through interpolation on a tangent space of the Grassmann manifold is investigated to allow modes to be predicted for cases in which a full order model has not been run. Modes produced for known values of a simulation parameter are used to predict the modes for a value of the simulation parameter for which POD modes have not been directly produced. For a single tire soil bin mobility model, the POD modes are found to be effective at retaining accuracy with minimal errors while also reducing computational time.

Collaborative determination of flood shelter and evacuation route in a flooded area in Rumbai Subdistrict, Pekanbaru

Floods in Pekanbaru City have often hit the region along the Siak river, including the Rumbai subdistrict. Disasters such as floods have detrimental impacts on society, including a massive loss of lives. However, several strategies can minimize the impacts of flooding, including making a plan evacuation route mapping with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This is a planning-based analysis of data using the algorithm djikstra for result pathways for efficient and effective evacuation. The evacuation routes involve seven simulation parameter modeling, specifically flood, length path, wide roads, road conditions, road materials, presence or absence of bridges, and the road’s direction. These parameters are processed using algoritma djikstra to generate the appropriate evacuation routes based on study area conditions. The analysis focuses on one evacuation route in Palas and the other six in Sri Meranti Village. The routes in Palas Village lead to the evacuation place of the Al-Jihad Mosque, while those in Sri Meranti Village heads to Al-Ikhlas Mosque, MDA Aula Rumbai, Nurul Haq Mosque, M Nurul Mosque, vacant land, and Stadium Parking Area.

Dynamic Simulation, Parameter Optimization, and Control of a Reactive Distillation Column for Production of Isopropanol via Propylene Hydration

In this study, a reactive distillation column for production of isopropanol was investigated. Firstly, a dynamic model was developed for the process. The model of the process was then programmed, and the process simulated using a base case obtained from the literature. Results showed that distillate contained more than 58 mol% propylene-free<br /> isopropanol. In the next step, optimization of some operating variables was performed to<br /> maximize concentration of isopropanol in distillate with condenser temperature as constraint, which was considered to be above the freezing point of water. Several simulations were performed by changing operating parameters, and finally optimum isopropanol content in distillate was obtained above 58 mol%. Results of using classic controllers showed that PID controller had the best performance for both condenser temperature set-point tracking and disturbance rejection.

Dampak dari Parameter Variasi Koneksi, Node dan Kecepatan Node Terhadap Delay pada Routing Protocol AODV dan BATMAN Jaringan MANET

Mobile ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a multihop wireless network that a many collection of mobile nodes that are dynamic. MANET each node on the network have the same position, so it needs the appropriate routing protocol, to support the exchange of data to be optimal. In this study, the routing protocol to be tested is AODV and BATMAN based scenario increasing the number of connections, nodes and speed. Simulation parameter scenarios is number connection 1 UDP, 2 UDP, 3 UDP, and number of node 25 node, 50 node, 100 node, and then number node speed 20 m/s, 50 m/s. in this AODV routing protocol will establish a rute from the source node to the destination only if there is a request from the source node. BATMAN routing protocols, all decisions and information disseminated throughout the node and will regularly update on each node. The performance parameters to be measured such as delay by using OMNET ++ 4.6. Output of simulation will analysis with two way anova and multivariate to know correlation between variation scenario impact to delay. The results obtained in this study AODV and BATMAN have their respective advantages, analisys with two-way anova show that both AODV and BATMAN get the impact of the scenario from incrising the number of connections, the number of nodes and the number of nodes speed with a p-value of 0.012212 (<0.05) with two-way anova. From all scenarios, the number of UDP connections has the greatest impact, from UDP 1, UDP 2 and UDP 3. Followed by the number of speed 50 and node 100. So it can be concluded that the connection has an effect on increasing delay. The increasing number of speed and nodes can contribute to an increase in delay if number of nodes above 100 and speed above 50. With multivariate analysis, the BATMAN protocol had the most impact on the delay under the scenario then AODV.

Simulation and experimental study on PID control of a quadrotor MAV with perturbation

This paper presents a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) flight controller for a quadrotor micro air vehicle (MAV). The MAV (Parrot Mambo minidrones) is small, therefore, a slight perturbation will affect its performance. Hence, for the actuated dynamics, roll (ϕ), pitch (θ), yaw (ψ), and z stabilization, a PID control scheme is proposed. Furthermore, the same controller technique is also applied for under-actuated dynamics x and y position control. The newtonian model is simulated using simulink with a normal Gaussian noise of force as external disturbances. using simulink support package for Parrot Minidrones by MATLAB and based on the simulation parameter, the algorithm is deployed using Bluetooth® Low energy connection via personal area network (PAN). A slight force by hand is applied as perturbation during hovering to investigation system performances. Finally, the simulation and experimental on this commercial MAV, Parrot Mambo minidrones shows good performance of the flight controller scheme in the presence of external disturbances.

Simulation Parameter Test and Seepage Effect Analysis of Pile-Anchor Support for Binary Slope

It is a difficult point in the field of geotechnical engineering to test the simulation parameters of the pile-anchor supporting structure of slope excavation and analyze the effect of seepage on the stress of the structure. This study relies on the right side slope treatment project of a highway in Guizhou Province. Aiming at the defect that the current numerical simulation parameter selection is fuzzy, the deep displacement monitoring data and P value inspection method are used to check the simulation parameters. We establish a 2D finite element model of slope excavation and support. The superposition calculation method of pore water pressure was used to analyze the stress characteristics of the slope-supporting structure after applying steady-state seepage. The analysis shows the following. ① Initial support stage: the steady-state seepage causes the axial force extreme value of the prestressed anchor cable to increase by 11.22% at this stage. ② Secondary support stage: the steady-state seepage reduces the shear limit of the antislide pile by 3.11% and the bending moment by 14.90%. ③ Comparative analysis of the two supporting phases: the newly constructed pile-anchor supporting structure has a significant effect on the original pile-anchor supporting structure. At the same time, the bending and shearing resistance of the newly added antislide piles has not been fully exerted. The research results provide new ideas for the research on the safety control ability of the slope support construction process.

Sensitivity Analysis and Selection of Check Index of Signal Intersection Simulation Model Based on VISSIM

Selecting check index quantitatively is the core of the calibration of micro traffic simulation parameters at signal intersection. Five indexes in the node (intersection) module of VISSIM were selected as the check index set. Twelve simulation parameters in the core module were selected as the simulation parameters set. Optimal process of parameter calibration was proposed and model of the intersection of Huangcun west street and Xinghua street in Beijing was built in VISSIM to verify it. The sensitivity analysis between each check index and simulation parameter in their own set was conducted respectively. Sensitive parameter sets of different check indices were obtained and compared. The results show that different indexes have different size of set, and average vehicle delay's is maximum, so it's necessary to select index quantitatively. The results can provide references for scientific selection of the check indexes and improve the study efficiency of parameter calibration.

Simulating Timing Behaviors for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Modelica

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) connect the cyber world with the physical world through a network of interrelated elements, such as sensors and actuators, robots, and other computing devices. Timing constraints on the interactions (timing behaviors) should be modelled and verified as cyber-physical systems are becoming more and more complex. This article proposes modeling the typical timing behaviors according to their time characteristics, periodicity, multiform time, and synchronization, and verifies them against properties using simulations. Sequence diagrams are presented for the modeling, and modelica is used for simulation. In the simulation, the time dependence relations are defined, and used for simulation parameter data automatic generation, in addition to the paths from the sequence diagrams. Finally, a Parachute System is used as an example to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.