Diversity of the Board of Directors and Financial Performance of the Firms

The diversity of the board of directors continues to be a matter of concern for investors, regulators, and the general public. In this sense, the purpose of the research presented was to identify whether there is a positive and significant impact between the diverse variables of the board of directors and the financial performance of the firms. In this context, the study’s objective was to determine if the diversity in the composition of the boards of directors has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of the companies listed in the Chilean stock market. The study considered a sample of 1106 reports on social responsibility and sustainable development between the 2015–2020 period and their respective returns. The research was descriptive-correlational, which determined the incidence of gender, nationality, and age diversity in the financial performance of the firms. The results show, in general, a low degree of gender and nationality diversity in Chilean boards. However, a positive and significant impact is observed in the commercial sector, nationality diversity, and the construction and gender diversity axis. In this regard, the study allows confirming the heterogeneity of results by linking the variables of diversity and financial performance and the importance of conducting sufficiently disaggregated studies to understand the relationship between both types of variables. Finally, this study updates the diversity levels of the board of directors for the Chilean stock market and establishes challenges for the regulator in terms of gender quotas and good corporate governance practices.

The Effect of Diversity of The Board of Commissioners on Bank Credit Risk in Indonesia

This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of board age diversity on bank credit risk, (2) the effect of board education diversity on bank credit risk, (3) the effect of board gender diversity on bank credit risk, and (4) the effect of board nationality diversity on bank credit risk. The population in this study are banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2014-2018 period. The sampling technique in this study used census sampling with a total sample of 37 banks. Data is collected from the bank's annual report. Fixed effect period regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis of this study. The results of this study indicate that: (1) board age diversity has a significant negative effect on bank credit risk, (2) board education diversity has a significant negative effect on bank buying credit risk, (3) board gender diversity has no significant effect on risk bank credit, (4) board nationality diversity has no significant effect on bank credit risk.

Board Gender Diversity Dan Board Education Diversity terhadap Bank-Risk Taking

The benefit of gender and education diversity on the board of commissioners is a subject of the current debate. This research investigates board gender diversity and board education diversity on bank risk-taking in Indonesian listed banks. Using a sample of 40 Indonesian banks over a period from 2012 to 2018, we find that board gender diversity has a significant negative effect on bank risk-taking. In contrast, the nationality diversity between bank's board members does not directly impact bank risk-taking. This study concludes that the more significant the proportion of women on the bank's board, the less risk the bank has. Keywords : Board Gender Diversity; Board Education Diversity; Bank Risk-TakingCorrespondence to : [email protected] Manfaat keberagaman jenis kelamin dan latar belakang pendidikan dewan komisaris menjadi topik perdebatan akhir-akhir ini. Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak dari keberagaman jenis kelamin dan latar belakang pendidikan dewan komisaris terhadap pengambilan risiko bank di bank-bank yang terdaftar di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan sampel dari 40 bank di Indonesia selama periode dari 2012 hingga 2018, peneliti menemukan bahwa keragaman jenis kelamin dewan memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap pengambilan risiko bank. Sebaliknya, perbedaan latar belakang pendidikan tidak berdampak langsung pada pengambilan risiko bank. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah semakin besar proporsi wanita dalam dewan komisaris bank maka semakin kecil tingkat pengambilan risiko bank. Kata Kunci : Board Gender Diversity; Board Education Diversity; Bank Risk-Taking

Team Leadership and Team Cultural Diversity: The Moderating Effects of Leader Cultural Background and Leader Team Tenure

By bringing team members with different cultural backgrounds together, teams in international business can benefit from cultural diversity and reach higher levels of performance. Cultural diversity also brings challenges, however, and diversity research has identified the need to consider moderating influences in the diversity–performance relationship. Team leadership should be particularly important in this respect and drawing on a theoretical analysis that puts an understanding of cultural diversity center stage, we propose that factors that reflect leaders’ experience with cultural diversity positively moderate the relationship between cultural diversity and team performance. We identify leader cultural background (local vs. foreign to the host culture) and leader team tenure as such factors. We predict that the influence of team nationality diversity (a form of cultural diversity) on team performance is more positive with a leader who is foreign to the host country than with a local leader, and with a leader with longer team tenure. In addition, we predict that the one moderating influence substitutes for the other, such that the effect of leader cultural background is stronger for leaders with shorter tenure with the team. Results from a survey of N = 66 teams ( N = 336 individuals) from a multinational company support these hypotheses and inform our discussion of ways forward in the study of leadership and team diversity.

The Impact of Board Independence, Gender Diversity and Nationality Diversity on Firm Performance

This study aimed to examine the relationship between board structure and firm performance measured by return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA). 42 firms listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange (QSE) in 2018 were examined, using regression analysis. The study found that gender diversity (i.e., female directors on the board) had a positive significant relationship with firm performance in both measures, i.e., ROE and ROA. In addition, only board meeting and non-executive directors had significant relationships with firm performance measured by ROA. The findings of the study have some practical implications for some stakeholders, such as listed companies in Qatar and the Qatar Financial Market Authority. The Qatari listed companies will be able to understand the impact of board structure and the complementary benefits that may affect firm performance and thus strengthen the function of their boards. The Qatar Financial Market Authority will be able to understand the current practices of the corporate governance (CG) code; its strengths and weakness. Hence, it will be able to improve the code in order to overcome the weaknesses and strengthen good practices. Keywords: corporate governance, board independence, gender diversity, nationality diversity, firm performance

Analisis Perda Kabupaten Mukomuko Nomor 5 Tahun 2016 Tentang Berpakaian Muslim dan Muslimah Bagi Siswa Berdasarkan Teori Peraturan Perundang-Undangan

In the context of implementing autonomy and co-administration, local governments have right to make regional regulations. This authority opens the opportunity for the emergence of regional regulations with Islamic nuances, for example the Mukomuko Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2016. This raises pros and cons among the community. Therefore, this is very important to be studied comprehensively. The research method used is normative. As for the issues raised: first, What is the content of the provisions of the Mukomuko District Regulation Number 5 of 2016? second, What is the Regional Regulation of Mukomuko Regency Number 5 of 2016 based on the theory of statutory regulations? Based on research results, that the regional regulation is a sharia-based regional regulation that regulates moeslim dress. In the formation of regulations, including at the regional level, it must not conflict with Pancasila and also the content material principles in Law of PPPU. When referring to Guidelines for Legal Analysis and Evaluation Number PHN-01.HN.01.03 of 2019 which is result of breakdown of Pancasila and Law of PPPU, it is found that based on the variables and indicators of assessing values of Pancasila, this is contrary to the variable of plowing, humanity, nationality, Diversity in Unity, justice, equality in law and government, and legal order and certainty. And type of statutory regulation, namely this regional regulation is not appropriate. This regional regulation also creates disharmony in regulations.