Application of Amberlite IRA 402 Resin Adsorption and Laccase Treatment for Acid Blue 113 Removal from Aqueous Media

Despite Acid Blue 113 (AB 113)’s extensive use and negative environmental impact, very few studies have focused on its efficient and environmentally friendly removal. This research aims the removal of AB 113 from environmental aqueous media and its consequent enzymatic biodegradation. A strongly basic anion exchange resin in Cl− form, Amberlite IRA 402 (IRA 402(Cl−)) was used for AB 113 adsorption and a laccase was used to further biodegrade it. For the first time, two novel, efficient and environmentally friendly physical–chemical and biological assays for AB 113 wastewater removal and subsequent biodegradation were combined. The adsorption of AB 113 onto IRA 402(Cl−) was tested in batch and continuous flux modes. Influence of contact time, concentration and desorption in acidic media were evaluated. The kinetic data were best modulated by the Lagergren model with R2 = 0.9275. The Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 130 mg/g. Dye, resin and AB113 loaded resin were characterized by thermogravimetry and FTIR to evaluate their physical chemical properties modification. Based on the performed studies, a consecutive methodology is proposed, incorporating the ion exchange process in the first stage and the biodegradation process in the second. Thus, in the second stage the residual concentration of AB 113 is reduced by an efficient bio-degradation process produced by the laccase at pH = 4.

Biodecolorization of Azo Dye Acid Blue 113 by Soil Bacterium Klebsiella variicola RMLP1

The present study was aimed to isolate a new bacterial strain for the degradation/decolorization of azo dye Acid Blue 113 (AB 113). The physico-chemical method is inadequate for degradation of azo dyes; therefore, an environmental friendly and competent method such as use of the biological organism was studied for decolorization of AB 113. Bushnell and Hass (BHM) medium containing AB 113 dye were used to perform the decolorization study. 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach was used for identification of bacterial isolate as a <em>Klebsiella variicola</em>. The optimum process parameters for the decolorization of AB 113 were found at pH 8, 35°C temperature and 100 mg/L dye concentration during 72 h incubation. Glucose and ammonium sulphate was the carbon and nitrogen source suited well for the decolorization of dye. The results proved that the <em>Klebsiella variicola</em>, offer huge ability in treating textile wastewater containing the color AB 113.

Capacity and Modeling of Acid Blue 113 Dye Adsorption onto Chitosan Magnetized by Fe2O3 Nanoparticles

A chitosan polymer was magnetized by coating with magnetite Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and the resultant material (C–Fe2O3) was first characterized through scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy–dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and point of zero charge analyses. C–Fe2O3 was then employed as a separable and efficient adsorptive agent to remove acid blue 113 (AB113) dye from aqueous solution. The removal efficiency was optimized at different environmental parameter values (pH: 3–11, C–Fe2O3 dose: 0.1–1 g/L, initial AB113 dye concentration: 10–100 mg/L, adsorption time: 0–300 min, and temperature: 388–318 K). Under optimum conditions, an AB113 dye removal efficiency of 99.68% was achieved. In addition, the effect of the presence of NaCl, NaNO3, Na2CO3, and MgSO4 ions on the AB113 dye removal efficiency could be ranked as NaCl > NaNO3 > MgSO4 > Na2CO3. The statistical analysis using the coefficient of determination, root mean square error, chi-square test, sum of squared errors, and average relative error showed that the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order equations were the best mathematical models for fitting the isothermal and kinetics data. Further kinetics analyses showed that the adsorption of AB113 molecules on C–Fe2O3 active sites was dominated by the intraparticle diffusion process. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the AB113 dye adsorption process was favorable, endothermic, and spontaneous. Furthermore, an increase in temperature had a positive impact on AB113 dye removal. The regeneration study confirmed the excellent shelf life of C–Fe2O3, with only a slight loss in the removal efficiency (< 7%) being detected after six operational cycles of AB113 dye adsorption. Compared with other adsorbents, C–Fe2O3 was more effective for the adsorption of AB113 dye, with an adsorption uptake up to 128 mg/g.

Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies for the removal of acid blue 113 dye by dried corallina officinalis alga as a novel eco-friendly adsorbent

Water pollution is an alarming problem in developing countries. Dried algae can be considered as potential and suitable bio-sorbents due to their fast and easy growth and high availability. The special surface properties of these algae allow them to adsorb different types of organic and inorganic pollutants from solutions. In this context, the removal of anionic acid blue 113 dye (AB113) from aqueous solutions by dried Corallina officinalis alga as low-cost bio-sorbent was chosen as a case study of a typical remediation process of water contaminants. The effect of various environmental and physicochemical parameters has been studied. The results show that the equilibrium adsorption was established within 120 min. The sorption phenomenon was investigated by determining the process kinetics at different concentrations and the adsorption isotherms at different temperatures. The kinetics results showed that the pseudo second-order kinetics model generates the best agreement with the experimental data. The modeling results showed that linear Langmuir and Freundlich models appear to fit the adsorption data better than Temkin model for the adsorption of AB113 onto dried C. officinalis alga. It can be concluded that C. Officinalis alga can be successfully used as adsorbent.