Investigation into the effect of resin finish on the functional characteristics of plain fabrics using different curing methods

Purpose Cellulosic fabric and plain weave are the most commonly used material in home textiles. The poor wrinkling, dimensional stability and pilling are some of the problems faced during usage. The textile industries apply resin finish to improve these characteristics. The purpose of this study is to improve pilling resistance, dimensional stability and smoothness appearance (SA) of rayon and rayon/cotton plain fabrics using different concentrations of dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) and acrylic copolymer. The finish was fixed using two different fixation methods. Design/methodology/approach Three concentrations, 40, 100 and 150 g/l of Arkofix NF (DMDHE based) and Appretan N9211 (acrylic copolymer), were taken. The finish was applied at normal and shock cure. The effects of finish on pilling resistance, dimensional stability, smoothness, tear strength, light fastness, Berger whiteness and yellowness index of plain fabrics were investigated. Findings The changes in the characteristics of the finished fabrics were compared with unfinished fabrics. This study revealed that at 40 g/l of Arkofix NF and Appretan N9211 using a normal cure would improve the pilling resistance, dimensional stability and SA of the plain fabrics. Whereas, there was no adverse effect observed on tear strength, light fastness, Berger whiteness and yellowness index of plain fabrics at these conditions. Originality/value Unlike the previous studies, this paper proposed the single finish formulation where the functional characteristics of the plain rayon and rayon cotton fabrics meet the general requirement of a customer.

Sustainable Dyeing of Cellulosic Fabric with Reactive Violet H3R dye: Ultrasonic Assisted Improvement in Color Characteristic

Ultrasonic radiation (U. S.) is the sustainable and green technology which has transformed the domain of textiles. In the current study, ultrasonic treatment was employed to improve the reactive dyeing of cellulosic fabricby Violet H3R dye. For this purpose, U.S. treatment has been given to both solution & fabric upto 50 min. at 30 to 60 oC. Promising results were obtained when cellulosic fabric was exposed to U.S. treatment at at 50 oC for a period of 30 min. using dye bath of 55 mL having 7.5 pH. Glauber salt (8 g/L) was employed as an exhausting agent at 60 oC for 55 min. Various shades of cotton fabric dyed at optimal conditions were obtained which showed that U.S. treatment has enhanced not only the colour strength but also the fastness rating from medium to outstanding. So, it can be concluded from the current study that U. S. treatment is not only good enough for improving the dyeing aptitude of Reactive Violet H3R dye but it also uplifts the color features of dyed cotton fabric. Resumen. La radiación ultrasónica (U:S. por sus siglas en inglés) es la tecnología sostenible y verde que ha transformado el campo de los textiles. En este estudio, se llevó a cabo un tratamiento ultrasónico para mejorar el teñido reactivo de tela celulósica por el tinte Violet H3R. Para este propósito, se llevó a cabo un tratamiento con ultrasonido tanto a la solución como a la tela por hasta 60 minutos a 30 y 60 oC. Se obtuvieron resultados prometedores cuando la tela celulósica se expuso a un tratamiento con ultrasonido a 50 oC durante un período de 30 min, utilizando un baño de tinte (de 55 mL) a pH 7,5 de sal de Glauber (8 g/L). Estas condiciones representan un sistema de agotamiento, aplicado a 60 oC durante 55 min. Se obtuvieron varios tonos de tela de algodón teñidos en condiciones óptimas, lo que mostró que el tratamiento por ultrasonido mejora no solo la intensidad del color sino también el índice de solidez de media a sobresaliente. Por lo tanto, del estudio actual se puede concluir que el tratamiento con ultrasonido no solo es lo suficientemente bueno para mejorar la capacidad de teñido del tinte Reactive Violet H3R, sino que también realza las características del color de la tela de algodón teñida.

Impact of NaOH Concentration on Deweaving of Cotton Fabric in Aqueous Solutions

In the past decade, there has been increasing attention paid to the recycling of cotton fabric waste. In the present study, different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ranging from 1 M to 4 M were used to thermomechanically deweave cotton fabric. The fabrics treated with 1 M NaOH and 2 M NaOH were partially deweaved, whereas those treated with 3 M NaOH and 4 M NaOH were completely deweaved. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to analyze the chemistry and structure of the cotton fabric. The FTIR spectra indicated that the structure of cotton fabrics treated with 1–2 M NaOH were similar to that of pristine fabric, while the presence of NaOH was observed. In the case of samples treated with 3–4 M NaOH, both the peak positions and the band intensities were changed, in addition to the formation of cellulose II. FTIR spectra for the recycled NaOH-treated cotton fabrics were compared, and no major structural changes were identified. A post-treatment with deionized (DI) water removed excess Na+ ions, with the sample showing a similar molecular structure to that of the pristine material. These results suggest the feasibility of recycling aqueous NaOH for post-washing treatment as a new method for recycling cellulosic fabric waste.

Biosafety Evaluation and Quantitative Determination of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) Coated on Cellulosic Fabrics by Kubelka-Munk Equation

It is a challenge to determine the quantity of cationic finishing agents on the surface of cellulosic fabrics. Herein, we report a direct and feasible method by Kubelka-Munk equation to quantify the cationic poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) adsorbed onto cotton fabrics based on the principle of formation of a stable blue dye between PHMB and bromophenol blue sodium (BPB). The adsorption of PHMB onto cotton fabrics was first investigated and the maximum adsorption of PHMB was found to be around 8 mg per gram of cotton fabric. After being dyed with BPB, colour strength shows a positive correlation with PHMB at low concentrations (< 2400 mg/L). A linear relationship with a high correlation (C(PHMB) = (K/S—0.7411)/3.4517, R2 = 0.9983) was thus established between colour strength and PHMB concentration. However, this equation should fulfill four requirements for quantifying PHMB: (1) the distribution of PHMB on the surface of cellulosic fabric should be in the form of a monolayer with the content less than 5.3 mg/g; (2) an excess of BPB dyebath should be applied; (3) the dyeing should come to equilibrium; and (4) the fabrics should be evenly dyed. Moreover, MTT assay results indicate that excess PHMB coated on cotton fabrics can cause cytotoxicity and the quantity of PHMB should not exceed 4.62 mg per gram of cotton fabrics for the purpose of biosafety. The sample can be considered non-cytotoxic if the K/S value is lower than 13.2 after dyeing with BPB.

Hetero-functional azo reactive dyes applied on cellulosic fabric and dyeing conditions optimization to enhance the dyeing properties

New dyestuff moieties are introduced in the textile industry to upgrade the quality and aesthetic properties of dyed fabric. To contribute to this research endeavor, the current project was conducted for the dyeing of cellulosic fabric via new hetero-functional reactive dyes R1 and R2 synthesized in our previous study. Optimization of different process variables (temperature, salt, and alkali concentration) and their interactive study for exhaust dyeing was explored and delineated based on a statistical tool response surface methodology. Results divulged that both dyes displayed maximum exhaustion and fixation at a temperature of 61.50°C on the cellulosic fabric. Reactive dye R1 exhibited 87.62 (±3) exhaustion and 82.85 (±3) fixation percentage at their optimum salt (29.07 g/L) and alkali (32.55 g/L) dosage while R2 displayed 81.50 (±3) exhaustion and 77.21 (±3) fixation at its optimized salt (32.55 g/L) and alkali concentrations (22.84 g/L). All process variables showed a positive and synergistic effect on the dyeing properties. Enhanced exhaustion and fixation percentage of R1 as compared to R2 may be accredited to greater planarity and less steric hindrance of R1. Both dyes presented superb color buildup showing good to excellent color fastness on cotton fabric. Future perspectives of the current study comprised the application and assessment of dyeing parameters of these new reactive dyes on polyester cotton (PC) fabric.