scholarly journals Impact of NaOH Concentration on Deweaving of Cotton Fabric in Aqueous Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2015
Author(s):  
Hang Zhang Cao ◽  
Yiqian Yao ◽  
Gary Halada ◽  
Hye Jung Jung ◽  
Taejin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Cellulose Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Cellulosic Fabric

In the past decade, there has been increasing attention paid to the recycling of cotton fabric waste. In the present study, different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ranging from 1 M to 4 M were used to thermomechanically deweave cotton fabric. The fabrics treated with 1 M NaOH and 2 M NaOH were partially deweaved, whereas those treated with 3 M NaOH and 4 M NaOH were completely deweaved. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to analyze the chemistry and structure of the cotton fabric. The FTIR spectra indicated that the structure of cotton fabrics treated with 1–2 M NaOH were similar to that of pristine fabric, while the presence of NaOH was observed. In the case of samples treated with 3–4 M NaOH, both the peak positions and the band intensities were changed, in addition to the formation of cellulose II. FTIR spectra for the recycled NaOH-treated cotton fabrics were compared, and no major structural changes were identified. A post-treatment with deionized (DI) water removed excess Na+ ions, with the sample showing a similar molecular structure to that of the pristine material. These results suggest the feasibility of recycling aqueous NaOH for post-washing treatment as a new method for recycling cellulosic fabric waste.

Development of thermally stable and hygienic colored cotton fabric made by treatment with natural coconut shell extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Teli ◽  
Pintu Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index

As far as the value addition of textile is concerned, flame retardancy of textile materials is considered to be one of the most important properties in textile finishing by both industries as well as academic researchers. Flame-retardant property with thermal stability was imparted to cotton by using green coconut ( Cocos nucifera Linn) shell extract, a natural waste source of coconut. Coconut shell extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry and its phytochemical analysis was also carried out. The coconut shell extract (acidic after extraction) was applied in three different pH (acidic, neutral, and alkaline) conditions to the cotton fabric. Flame-retardant properties of the untreated and the treated cotton fabrics were analyzed by limiting oxygen index and vertical flammability. The study showed that all the treated fabrics had good flame resistance property compared to that of the untreated fabric. The limiting oxygen index value was found to increase by 72.2% after application of the coconut shell extract from alkaline pH. Pyrolysis and char formation behavior of the concerned fabrics were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The physicochemical composition of the untreated and coconut shell extract treated cotton fabrics were analyzed by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Also, treated cotton fabric showed natural brown color and antibacterial property against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The durability of the flame-retardant functionality to washing with soap solution has also been studied and reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy vibrational bands study of Spinacia oleracea and Trigonella corniculata under biochar amendment in naturally contaminated soil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253390
Author(s):  
Uzma Younis ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi ◽  
Subhan Danish ◽  
Muhammad Arif Ali ◽  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Vibrational Bands

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy detects functional groups such as vibrational bands like N-H, O-H, C-H, C = O (ester, amine, ketone, aldehyde), C = C, C = N (vibrational modes of a tetrapyrrole ring) and simply C = N. The FTIR of these bands is fundamental to the investigation of the effect of biochar (BC) treatment on structural changes in the chlorophyll molecules of both plants that were tested. For this, dried leaf of Spinacia oleracia (spinach) and Trigonella corniculata (fenugreek) were selected for FTIR spectral study of chlorophyll associated functional groups. The study’s primary goal was to investigate the silent features of infrared (IR) spectra of dried leave samples. The data obtained from the current study also shows that leaf chlorophyll can mask or suppress other molecules’ FITR bands, including proteins. In addition, the C = O bands with Mg and the C9 ketonic group of chlorophyll are observed as peaks at1600 (0%BC), 1650 (3%BC) and 1640, or near to1700 (5%BC) in spinach samples. In fenugreek, additional effects are observed in the FTIR spectra of chlorophyll at the major groups of C = C, C = O and C9 of the ketonic groups, and the vibrational bands are more evident at C-H and N-H of the tetrapyrrole ring. It is concluded that C-N bands are more visible in 5% BC treated spinach and fenugreek than in all other treatments. These types of spectra are useful in detecting changes or visibility of functional groups, which are very helpful in supporting biochemical data such as an increase in protein can be detected by more visibility of C-N bands in FTIR spectra.

Determination of Triglycerides on Cotton Fabrics Using Fourier Transform Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Shreedhara Murthy ◽  
D. E. Leyden ◽  
J. Keith Grime
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Triglycerides deposited on cotton fabric in the form of artificial body soil (ABS) were quantified with the use of ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy after ABS had been transferred onto the ATR crystal under pressure. This approach improved the signal-to-background ratio by avoiding interference from cellulose absorption, and improved precision as contact of the cloth sample with the ATR crystal was not necessary. ABS concentrations comparable to natural body soil levels were determined. This procedure was shown to be useful for following the depletion of “surface” ABS after different washing procedures.

The FTIR Analysis of Field Aged Composite Insulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Zi Wei Gao ◽  
Xue Cheng Zhu ◽  
Sheng Jie Yang ◽  
Hong Yan Nie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
High Field ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Aged Composite

With the increasing of the amount of composite insulators in power network, the transmission accidents caused by the fault of composite insulators are increased and the aging of composite insulators should be paying more attention. In the paper, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to analysis the molecular structure of silicone rubber material of composite insulators. The results indicated that the higher the electric field of the insulator shed, the lower the peak of FTIR spectra. The heavier pollution the sample run, the lower the peak of FTIR spectra. So more attention should be pay to the samples which run in heavier pollution region or the high field part of the insulator.

scholarly journals An infrared spectral biomarker accurately predicts neurodegenerative disease class in the absence of overt symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Lovergne ◽  
Dhruba Ghosh ◽  
Renaud Schuck ◽  
Aris A. Polyzos ◽  
Andrew D. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Disease Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Physiological Indicator

AbstractAlthough some neurodegenerative diseases can be identified by behavioral characteristics relatively late in disease progression, we currently lack methods to predict who has developed disease before the onset of symptoms, when onset will occur, or the outcome of therapeutics. New biomarkers are needed. Here we describe spectral phenotyping, a new kind of biomarker that makes disease predictions based on chemical rather than biological endpoints in cells. Spectral phenotyping uses Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy to produce an absorbance signature as a rapid physiological indicator of disease state. FTIR spectromicroscopy has over the past been used in differential diagnoses of manifest disease. Here, we report that the unique FTIR chemical signature accurately predicts disease class in mouse with high probability in the absence of brain pathology. In human cells, the FTIR biomarker accurately predicts neurodegenerative disease class using fibroblasts as surrogate cells.

scholarly journals Established an eco-friendly cotton fabric treating process with enhancing anti-wrinkle performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110034
Author(s):  
Xiongfang Luo ◽  
Pei Cheng ◽  
Wencong Wang ◽  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Weidong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Wrinkle Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strength Retention

This study establishes an eco-friendly anti-wrinkle treating process for cotton fabric. Sodium hydroxide-liquid ammonia pretreatment followed by 6% (w/w) PU100 adding citric acid pad-cure-dry finishing. In this process, citric acid (CA) was used as the fundamental crosslinking agent during finishing because it is a non-formaldehyde based, cost-effective and well wrinkle resistance agent. Environmental-friendly waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was used as an additive to add to the CA finishing solution. Six commercial WPUs were systematically investigated. Fabric properties like wrinkle resistance, tensile strength retention, whiteness, durable press, softness, and wettability were well investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction spectra were also measured and discussed before and after adding waterborne polyurethane. Tentative mechanism of the interaction among the WPU, CA, and modified cotton fabrics is provided. The effect of cotton fabric pretreatment on fabric performance was also investigated. After the eco-process’s treatment, the fabric wrinkle resistant angle was upgraded to 271 ± 7°, tensile strength retention was maintained at 66.77% ± 3.50% and CIE whiteness was elevated to 52.13 ± 3.21, which are much better than the traditional CA anti-wrinkle finishing based on mercerized cotton fabrics. This study provides useful information for textile researchers and engineers.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 virus produced in cell culture revealed by shotgun proteomics and supported by genome sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Gallais ◽  
Olivier Pible ◽  
Jean-Charles Gaillard ◽  
Stéphanie Debroas ◽  
Hélène Batina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Shotgun Proteomics ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Subject

AbstractCOVID-19 is the most disturbing pandemic of the past hundred years. Its causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the subject of an unprecedented investigation to characterize its molecular structure and intimate functioning. While markers for its detection have been proposed and several diagnostic methodologies developed, its propensity to evolve and evade diagnostic tools and the immune response is of great concern. The recent spread of new variants with increased infectivity requires even more attention. Here, we document how shotgun proteomics can be useful for rapidly monitoring the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We evaluated the heterogeneity of purified SARS-CoV-2 virus obtained after culturing in the Vero E6 cell line. We found that cell culture induces significant changes that are translated at the protein level, such changes being detectable by tandem mass spectrometry. Production of viral particles requires careful quality control which can be easily performed by shotgun proteomics. Although considered relatively stable so far, the SARS-CoV-2 genome turns out to be prone to frequent variations. Therefore, the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 variants from patients reporting only the consensus genome after its amplification would deserve more attention and could benefit from more in-depth analysis of low level but crystal-clear signals, as well as complementary and rapid analysis by shotgun proteomics. Graphical abstract

Durable Antibacterial Finish on Cotton Fabrics with PAMAM/Ag+

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Jie Zhang ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Strength Retention ◽  
Better Than

Cotton fabric with excellent antibacterial properties was obtained by treated with polyamide-amine (PAMAM) dendrimers as a carrier and silver nitrate as an antibacterial agent. The antibacterial cotton fabrics were prepared by the methods of one-bath process and two-bath process. Antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics treated by two different methods was good, but the antibacterial durability of cotton fabric treated with two-bath process was better than that treated with one-bath process. After 50 washing cycles, cotton fabric treated with two-bath process still had good antibacterial property and its inhibitory rate to Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli was over 99 %. It was found that the breaking strength retention of finished cotton fabrics was 85.83 % and the decrease of cotton fabrics’ whiteness index was about 15 %.

New insights into the structural basis of integrin activation

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Xiong ◽  
Thilo Stehle ◽  
Simon L. Goodman ◽  
M. Amin Arnaout
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Integrin Activation ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Bidirectional Signaling ◽  
New Hypothesis

Abstract Integrins are cell adhesion receptors that communicate biochemical and mechanical signals in a bidirectional manner across the plasma membrane and thus influence most cellular functions. Intracellular signals switch integrins into a ligand-competent state as a result of elicited conformational changes in the integrin ectodomain. Binding of extracellular ligands induces, in turn, structural changes that convey distinct signals to the cell interior. The structural basis of this bidirectional signaling has been the focus of intensive study for the past 3 decades. In this perspective, we develop a new hypothesis for integrin activation based on recent crystallographic, electron microscopic, and biochemical studies.

Effects of in-Office and at-Home Bleaching on Human Enamel and Dentin: An in vitro Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1274-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feride Severcan ◽  
Kurtulus Gokduman ◽  
Ayca Dogan ◽  
Sukran Bolay ◽  
Saadet Gokalp
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
At Home

In-office and at-home bleaching techniques are widely used methods for the whitening of teeth. However, the safety of these techniques has not been clarified yet. The aim of the current study is to investigate the in-office- and at-home-bleaching-induced structural and quantitative changes in human enamel and dentin at the molecular level, under in vitro conditions. The Fourier transform mid-infrared (mid-FT-IR) spectroscopic technique was used to monitor bleaching-induced structural changes. Band frequency and intensity values of major absorptions such as amide A, amide I, phosphate (PO4), and carbonate (CO3−2) bands, for treatment groups and control, were measured and compared. The results revealed that both procedures have negligible effects on dentin constituents. In office-bleached enamel, in addition to demineralization, a decrease in protein and polysaccharide concentrations, mineral-to-protein ratio, and the strength of hydrogen bonds around NH groups, as well as a change in protein secondary structure were observed. The protein structure changed from β-sheet to random coil, which is an indication of protein denaturation. However, no significant variations were observed for at-home bleached enamel. The control, at-home, and in-office bleached enamel samples were differentiated with a high accuracy using cluster analysis based on FT-IR data. This study revealed that office bleaching caused deleterious alterations in the composition and structure of enamel that significantly affected the crystallinity and mineralization of the tissue. Therefore, at-home bleaching seems to be much safer than in-office bleaching in terms of molecular variations.

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