scholarly journals Biosafety Evaluation and Quantitative Determination of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) Coated on Cellulosic Fabrics by Kubelka-Munk Equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yi Wang ◽  
Jia-Chi Chiou ◽  
Wan-Xue Chen ◽  
Jia-Li Yu ◽  
Chi-wai Kan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Colour Strength ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cellulosic Fabric ◽  
Biosafety Evaluation

Abstract It is a challenge to determine the quantity of cationic finishing agents on the surface of cellulosic fabrics. Herein, we report a direct and feasible method by Kubelka-Munk equation to quantify the cationic poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) adsorbed onto cotton fabrics based on the principle of formation of a stable blue dye between PHMB and bromophenol blue sodium (BPB). The adsorption of PHMB onto cotton fabrics was first investigated and the maximum adsorption of PHMB was found to be around 8 mg per gram of cotton fabric. After being dyed with BPB, colour strength shows a positive correlation with PHMB at low concentrations (< 2400 mg/L). A linear relationship with a high correlation (C(PHMB) = (K/S—0.7411)/3.4517, R2 = 0.9983) was thus established between colour strength and PHMB concentration. However, this equation should fulfill four requirements for quantifying PHMB: (1) the distribution of PHMB on the surface of cellulosic fabric should be in the form of a monolayer with the content less than 5.3 mg/g; (2) an excess of BPB dyebath should be applied; (3) the dyeing should come to equilibrium; and (4) the fabrics should be evenly dyed. Moreover, MTT assay results indicate that excess PHMB coated on cotton fabrics can cause cytotoxicity and the quantity of PHMB should not exceed 4.62 mg per gram of cotton fabrics for the purpose of biosafety. The sample can be considered non-cytotoxic if the K/S value is lower than 13.2 after dyeing with BPB.

scholarly journals Detection of mycotoxins trough different analytical methods

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Mariana Petkova ◽  
Nadezhda Sertova
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi which can affect a variety of feedstuffs. These compounds elicit toxicological effects which represent risk for both humans and animals. Their toxicity occurs at very low concentrations, therefore there is a need for sensitive and reliable methods for their detection. This review aims to evaluate classical and emerging methods for the analysis of mycotoxins concerning their advantages and disadvantages. Currently, several sensitive methods based on chromatographic or immunochemical technique are commercially available. Especially widely are used different chromatographic methods for quantitative determination of mycotoxins, including gas-chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet, fluorescence or MS detectors. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is used as a promising technique for screening, identification and quantitative determination of a large number of mycotoxins. Immunometric assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), are frequently used for screening purposes. On the other hand, a variety of emerging methods have been proposed. They are based on novel technologies, including immunochromatography (i.e. lateral flow devices), fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and optical biosensors. In addition, during the last years, the highlight was put on nanoscale materials included in biosensors, which are some of the smart devices used for determination of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of pefloxacin mesylate in pharmaceuticals

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanakapura Basavaiah ◽  
Hullikal Prameela ◽  
Bankavadi Somashekar
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Bromophenol Blue Dye

Spectrophotometric determination of pefloxacin mesylate in pharmaceuticalsA spectrophotometric method is described for assay of pefloxacin mesylate (PFM) in bulk drug and in tablets. The method is based on back extraction of the bromophenol blue dye at pH 5.2 from the dye-drug ion pair followed by measurement of the dye absorbance at 590 nm. The working conditions of the method were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 0.15-1.25 μg mL-1.Sensitivity indices such as molar absorptivity, limits of detection and quantification are reported. Intra-day and inter-day precision, and accuracy of the methods were established according to the ICH guidelines, and theervalues were in the range of -1.7 to 1.8% with RSD values ranging from 1.0 to 1.1%. The method was successfully applied to the assay of PFM in tablet preparations with recoveries varying from 97.5 to 101.9%, with standard deviation in the range of 0.6 to 1.9. The results were statistically compared with those of the reference method by applying Student'st-test andF-test. Accuracy evaluated by means of the spike recovery method, range from 97.0 to 106.0%, with precision better than 3%.

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