Dyeing of Jute Fabrics with Prodigiosin Produced from Sago Waste and their Applications

Synthetic dyes are hazardous to the environment and humans due to their toxic and recalcitrant nature. Hence, the present study attempts to produce eco-friendly dye from the sago industrial waste using S. marcescens SS1. The dye produced by the bacterial bioconversion of sago was characterized by GC-MS and obtained 13.423 acquisition time, which is similar to the standard prodigiosin. The effects of the dyeing parameters were optimized for Jute fabric using tannic acid as a pre mordant, the maximum uptake of dye was observed at 80 °C, pH 7, 60 mins with the K/S of 6.6. The minimum K/S value of 3.9 was observed at 65 °C, pH 3 in 45 min. Better colour fastness was observed in prodigiosin with mordant compared to without mordant. The antimicrobial activity of dyed fabric was tested against a few pathogenic bacteria and it showed maximum activity against P. aeruginosa. The dye extracted from S. marcescens SS1 prodigiosin was found to be an effective dyeing agent and also pose antimicrobial properties.

A Facile Scalable Conductive Graphene-Coated Calotropis Gigantea Yarn

Graphene-functionalized fibers have attracted substantial attention due to their potential applications in flexible wearable electronic devices. However, these conventional conductive materials are facing difficulties in mass production. In this paper, we report a graphene-coated Calotropis gigantea yarn by pad dyeing with graphene oxide and reduction process, which endows it with high conductivity, outstanding conducting stability, and scale production capacity. By optimizing the dyeing parameters, the modified Calotropis gigantea yarns display high electrical conductivity of 6.9 S/m. Range analysis results indicate that electrical conductivity of the graphene-coated yarns exhibits strong dependence on the concentration of graphene oxide and pad dyeing cycles. The combination between hydrogen bond of the fiber and the oxygen bond of graphene during dyeing process renders the functionalized yarns stable conductivity to washing and bending. Based on the simple fabrication process, and fascinating performance, the graphene-coated yarns show great potential in facile scale production.

Optimization of the polyester fabric dyeing process using coumarin as a green carrier

The present study aims to evaluate the application of coumarin as a green carrier alternative for dyeing of polyester fabrics, as well as to optimize key dyeing parameters in order to obtain greater color strength (K/S) at lower temperatures than 130°C using single azo class dispersed dye. For this purpose, a full-factorial design was used to study the influence of the single and interactive effects of four factors involved in the dyeing process, namely, pH, temperature, and coumarin and dye concentrations. The chosen technique was a 24-factorial, one-center point, and three replicates at the center point resulting on a response surface, which has shown an increase of the color strength of five times at 90°C, and of three times at 100°C when compared to dyeing at the same temperatures without the use of a carrier. In addition, excellent fastness to washing and to rubbing were obtained.

Effect of production speed on polyester/nylon intermingled yarn and melange fabric properties

PurposeThe main objectives of this research work were to investigate the effect of production speed on intermingled yarn properties and melange fabric properties with special reference to melange appearance.Design/methodology/approachPolyester/nylon intermingled yarns were produced using an SSM DP3-C air-intermingling machine using commercial process parameters and Heberlein P212 nozzle. Melange fabric samples were knitted from polyester/nylon intermingled yarns while maintaining the same parameters to avoid knitting variations. The fabric samples were dyed using a sample dyeing machine while maintaining dye recipe and dyeing parameters constant to avoid dyeing variations.FindingsThe production speed has significant effect on intermingled yarn and melange fabric properties. When the production speed is increased, mingle points, mingle stability, linear density, strength and the elongation of the intermingled yarns decreases. When the production speed is increased, fabric weight decreases and the melange effect varies from dot-like appearance to line-like appearance.Research limitations/implicationsOnly the effect of production speed on intermingled yarn and melange fabric properties is discussed in this paper. Appearance evaluating systems developed in this research are limited to melange fabrics produced using air-intermingled yarns with two colour components.Practical implicationsResults indicate that the intermingled yarns for the application of melange fabrics should be developed with optimum intermingling speeds, and it should not be changed during the production since production speed has significant effect on yarn and fabric parameters. Therefore, melange appearance and fabric weight may vary between fabric lots with different production speeds even though all the other parameters are kept constant. Further, melange appearance evaluation method developed in this research could be used as a guide in developing melange fabrics.Originality/valueThis research introduced a qualitative and a quantitative method to analyse melange fabric appearance. This melange appearance evaluation method can be used as a guide to achieve specific melange effect in the sample development stage. Further, when a melange sample appearance catalogue is developed for all the variables for a particular fabric type using this evaluation method, customer requested appearance can be achieved in minimum sample trials which save time, capacity, money and customer credibility.

Hetero-functional azo reactive dyes applied on cellulosic fabric and dyeing conditions optimization to enhance the dyeing properties

New dyestuff moieties are introduced in the textile industry to upgrade the quality and aesthetic properties of dyed fabric. To contribute to this research endeavor, the current project was conducted for the dyeing of cellulosic fabric via new hetero-functional reactive dyes R1 and R2 synthesized in our previous study. Optimization of different process variables (temperature, salt, and alkali concentration) and their interactive study for exhaust dyeing was explored and delineated based on a statistical tool response surface methodology. Results divulged that both dyes displayed maximum exhaustion and fixation at a temperature of 61.50°C on the cellulosic fabric. Reactive dye R1 exhibited 87.62 (±3) exhaustion and 82.85 (±3) fixation percentage at their optimum salt (29.07 g/L) and alkali (32.55 g/L) dosage while R2 displayed 81.50 (±3) exhaustion and 77.21 (±3) fixation at its optimized salt (32.55 g/L) and alkali concentrations (22.84 g/L). All process variables showed a positive and synergistic effect on the dyeing properties. Enhanced exhaustion and fixation percentage of R1 as compared to R2 may be accredited to greater planarity and less steric hindrance of R1. Both dyes presented superb color buildup showing good to excellent color fastness on cotton fabric. Future perspectives of the current study comprised the application and assessment of dyeing parameters of these new reactive dyes on polyester cotton (PC) fabric.

Optimization of Extraction and Dyeing Conditions of Natural Dye from Ratanjot Roots Using Ultrasonic Waves

The present work involves the optimization of extraction and dyeing recipes to standardize the procedure for natural dye obtained from the roots of Ratanjot (Onosma echiodes) using ultrasonic waves. The resultant dye obtained at optimized extraction conditions was applied on wool fabric to study the effect of temperature, dye concentration, time and dyeing pH. Optical density and colour strength (K/S value) were studied for evaluation of optimum extraction and dyeing conditions. It was observed that extraction and dyeing parameters have significant effect on colour characteristics of dyed wool fabric. The optimized extraction conditions were; dye extraction pH 7, extraction time 60 min and temperature 60ºC while optimized dyeing parameters were; dyeing temperature 60°C, dye concentration 2 g/g, dyeing time 75 min and dyeing pH 5. It was also observed that the optimum dye extraction time and pH is same with the conventional heating method but there is reduction in the temperature (60°C), dyeing time and dye concentration consumption in ultrasonic extraction and dyeing method, thus saves the energy, time and amount of dye requirement. Therefore, ultrasound wave represents a promising method for increasing diffusion of dye by the effect of cavitation, as well as for improving the effectiveness of processes as compare to conventional heating method.

Optimization of dyeing parameters of cotton standardized samples for laundry test of dye transfer inhibition program

In order to prevent light-colored clothes from being stained by dyes released from dark clothes during the washing process, some new-type washing machines have developed the dye transfer inhibition washing program. However, there is no certified reference materials for the test of dye transfer inhibition function. To this end, cotton fabric and reactive dyes are used as experimental materials to prepare standardized samples to evaluate the dye transfer inhibition function of washing machines. Firstly, the single factor analysis method is used to analyze the significance of the dyeing parameters including dye dosage, dyeing temperature, sodium sulfate dosage and sodium carbonate dosage. Secondly, a 4-factor 5-level experimental design and theoretical prediction of the best dyeing parameters are successively carried out through central composite design and response surface method. Two evaluation indicators, the dye release amount of the standardized sample of dyed fabric and the color difference value of the standardized sample of white fabric after washing, are proposed as the response values for response surface analysis to search the optimal dying parameters in theory. The optimal dyeing parameters obtained through response surface analysis are that the dosage of dye is 5.63% (owf), the dyeing temperature is 60 °C, the dosage of sodium sulfate is 93.60 g/L, and the dosage of sodium carbonate is 15 g/L. Experimental results indicate that the standardized samples prepared with optimal dyeing parameters can effectively distinguish the dye transfer inhibition function of washing machines.

Solvent assisted dyeing of silk fabric using glycerine based eutectic solvent as a swelling agent

Purpose Dyeing of silk fabric was studied to increase dye uptake using eco-friendly glycerine based eutectic solvent (GES), which acts as a swelling agent. Design/methodology/approach The swelling behaviour of silk fabric in GES was analyzed using three-dimensional laser scanning microscope. Dyeing parameters such as time, temperature and GES concentration were optimized using design of experiments. Findings In total, 5.34 F-value and 0.0014 p-value of ANOVA represent that the model is significant. An optimized GES assisted dyeing was carried out with two different classes of dyes such as Acid Blue 281 and Acid Red 151 and further compared with that of conventional aqueous dyeing method. Originality/value At 70°C, silk fabric achieves desired colour strength after 35 min of dyeing (10 min lesser than conventional) using GES assisted dyeing method. % Dye exhaustion of GES assisted dye bath was carried out and found to be very good. Fastness properties such as washing, light and rubbing fastness of conventional and GES assisted dyed silk fabric showed comparable results.

Extraction of natural dye from the leaves of Wild Himalayan pear (Pyruspashia) and optimization of the dyeing parameters using Box-Behnken Design (RSM)

Today universe is inclined towards eco-friendly and sustainable products. Its interest is shifting from synthetic products to natural once. The present study involves the optimization of extraction pH of natural dye and optimization of dyeing parameters for dyeing of silk fabric using response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction of dye from the leaves of Pyrus pashia (Wild Himalayan pear) was carried out in acidic, neutral and alkaline pH. The neutral pH exhibited the highest colour strength than alkaline and acidic pH. Box-Behnken Design (RSM) was used for optimization of dyeing variables. The effect of independent variables i.e. dye material concentration, dyeing time and temperature were assessed on dependent variable i.e colour strength of the dyed silk fabric sample. The optimized dyeing variables obtained for application of P. pashia leaf dye on silk fabric were 5% (w/v) dye material concentration, 70°C dyeing temperature and 45 minutes dyeing time. It not only creates a source for a natural dye but can also lead to creating employment amongst the rural people. P. pashia has a potential to colour silk fabric and can be used to dye other natural fibres such as cotton and wool which can be a step towards sustainable development. dyeing with its leaf extract can be helpful in promoting eco-friendly processing of textiles.