Psychiatric Diagnosis Among Patients With Self-Harm Attempts In A Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: Self harm or suicidal attempt is one of the most common primary psychiatric emergencies. It has been increasing daily but unfortunately people seeking attention and help from psychiatrist is still lagging. This study aims to observe psychiatric comorbidities among self-harm or suicidal attempt. Material And Method: Those patients who presented with suicidal attempts and related problems in Nobel Medical College Teaching hospital, Biratnagar were assessed for socio demographic and clinical variables. Convenience sampling method was used. MINI 6.0 was applied to all the patients to see for psychiatric disorders. Those who had positive psychiatric disorders in MINI 6.0 were then reassessed according to ICD-10 (International classification of diseases, clinical description and diagnostic guidelines) and final psychiatric disorder was considered. Becks’ suicide intent scale was used to assess the intensity of suicide. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was done by using IBM SPSS Version 16.0. Results: The result showed that 56.17% of the participants had some form of psychiatric comorbidities. The commonest among them was depression (23.97%), adjustment disorder (21.9%), followed by alcohol use disorder (5.47%) and others. The most common method of suicidal attempt was by poisoning (86.3%), followed by hanging (7.5%) and self- inflicted cut injury (6.2%). Psychosocial stressors were present in 84.9% of patients and 15.1% did not have notable psychosocial stressors. Conclusion: Patients with self-harm or suicidal attempt have common psychiatric comorbidities depression and adjustment disorder being the most prevalent entities. Hence, every suicidal attempt becomes common psychiatric emergency condition in Nepal.

A multi-country analysis of the prevalence and factors associated with bullying victimisation among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from the global school-based health survey

Background Over the past few years, there has been growing public and research interest in adolescents’ experiences with various forms of bullying victimisation because of their psychological, emotional, and/ or physical consequences. The present study examined the prevalence of bullying victimisation and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Using data from the Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) from 2010 to 2017 of eleven sub-Saharan African countries, a sample of 25,454 in-school adolescents was used for analysis. Statistical analyses included frequencies, percentages, Pearson chi-square and multivariable logistic regression. Results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The overall prevalence of bullying victimisation among the respondents was 38.8%. The prevalence was lowest in Mauritius (22.2%) and highest in Sierra Leone (54.6%). Adolescents who felt lonely [aOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.53, 1.80], had history of anxiety [aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.41, 1.66], suicidal ideation [aOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17, 1.39], suicidal attempt [aOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.72, 2.02], current users of marijuana [aOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.38, 1.84], and truants at [aOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.34, 1.52] were more likely to be victims of bullying. Conversely, adolescents who had peer support were less likely to be victims of bullying [aOR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.82]. Adolescents aged 15 years or older had lower odds of experiencing bullying victimization compared to their counterparts aged 14 years or younger [aOR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.78]. Conclusion Our findings suggest that age, loneliness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, and current use of marijuana are associated with increased risk of bullying victimisation. School-wide preventative interventions (e.g., positive behavioural strategies- Rational Emotive Behavioral Education, [REBE], peer educator network systems, face-face counseling sessions, substance use cessation therapy) are essential in promoting a positive school climate and reduce students’ bullying victimisation behaviours.

Assessment of Risk Factors and Consequences of Mental Health Problems Among Mental Health Patients Admitted in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Introduction Mental health problem is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Objective To assess the risk factors and consequence of mental health problems among patients admitted in Felege Hiwot Referal Hospital in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methodology: Phenomenological research design was used to conduct this study. Using available sampling, a total of 10 participants were involved. Interview was used as a means of collecting the data. The data was analyzed by thematic and narration techniques of analysis. Result Early life experience, social crises, economic problem, biological causes like brain damage and injury, heredity, drug use, and traditional believes such as sin, curse, witchcraft, evil spirit, herbal medicine are found to be the risk factors. Low self esteem, loneliness, hopelessness, economic problem, suicidal attempt, unable to detect the need of the patients, history taking challenge, low level of patience, low drug adherence, and counter transference are found to be the consequence of mental health problem. Conclusion People with mental health problem in the long run are highly prone to suicidal attempt and commitment as a result mental health problem. Recommendations: Concerned government bodies/Health Bureau/and the people shall work on the problems proactively and minimize the consequences through intensive follow up of people with mental health problems.