“Displaced Foreign Scholar”

This chapter details events following Ernst Kantorowicz's arrival in America. His first few months were difficult. His future was uncertain, he was short of money, and he did not like New York City. His first lecture in the United States was as a guest at a regularly scheduled class at Barnard College. He later toured New England, speaking at Harvard, Smith College, and Yale. His Harvard talk, entitled “The Idea of Permanency and Progress in the Thirteenth Century” and was a milestone in his historiographical progress. Although it was a revised version of the introductory section of his aborted book on the German Interregnum, the revisions introduced a new analytical concept and adumbrated a new analytical framework. The new concept was the significance of the thirteenth-century scholastic term aevum.

Psychology of a subject-spatial environment: main trends in theoretical and experimental studies of foreign scholar

The subject matter of this article is the analysis of the psychological studies presented in the Journal of Environmental Psychology. The purpose of the article is to define the main areas of theoretical and experimental research in contemporary foreign psychology related to subject-spatial environment.

A Step Toward Patterning a Patent Heading

The article attempts to define the possible structural-patterning options that come to describe the patent headings in the USA. In particular, the article tries to show that it is possible to present the heading of a patent in a single pattern. The research aims to help a foreign scholar to pattern the content of the material in the form of a heading as well as to confirm the fact that a patent heading, as well as the patent document as a whole, is a combination of the functional style of scientific prose and official documents where the scientific prose is responsible for the vocabulary while the official aspect is expressed through patterned structures.

Amharic as a language of Islam

Amharic, the native language of a large group of the population of central Ethiopia, also functions as a lingua franca among the neighbouring peoples, and has done so for a long time. The language is usually associated with the culture of the politically dominant part of the population, the Christian culture. But it is certain that from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, and probably even before that time, Amharic was used also for Islamic religious texts: poetry composed to spread the basic religious concepts of Islam and songs to be chanted in religious meetings. The first foreign scholar to become aware of this was Enrico Cerulli, who published some examples of Islamic songs in Amharic in 1926. Much more has since been published by Ethiopians. In the 1960s I obtained a small collection of such texts which are discussed in this article.

The Bifurcation of American and Non-American Perspectives in Foreign Policy

The bifurcation of American and non-American perspectives in foreign policy analysis is a large topic to which justice cannot be done in limited space. To reduce the subject to somewhat more manageable scope, the focus here is on teaching and. more specifically, on undergraduate courses on American foreign policy. After examining some evidence that might shed light on the question, this essay will suggest some reasons, both within and outside the discipline, for this development, as well as some possible ways of avoiding undue parochialism by ensuring that non-American perspectives get some hearing.This is not the place to undertake extensive content analyses of foreign policy texts, but even a cursory glance at several recent, widely used volumes indicates that many students are exposed almost wholly to American perspectives. Materials cited in footnotes and as suggested readings are overwhelmingly written by American authors. That pattern also extends to three of the best recent collections of readings on American foreign policy. The first includes 32 essays, not one of which is by a non-American, all nine chapters in the second are by Americans, and only one of 12 essays in the third is co-authored by a foreign scholar. In fairness, it should be pointed out that these materials hardly present a homogeneous viewpoint on the sources, conduct, and consequences of American diplomacy; a collection of readings that includes essays by George Kennan, Carl Gershman, Henry Kissinger, and Stanley Hoffmann can hardly be accused of presenting a single outlook. Moreover, the diversity of choices among available texts provides a broad range of perspectives, from moderately hard-line to distinctly revisionist.