Analyzing the Influence of Metro Stations on Commercial Property Values in Delhi: A Hedonic Approach

The effect of proximity to a transit system on property values has become a key issue of debate regarding public infrastructure and economic development. This article aims to examine the impact of selected stations along the Blue line of Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) on commercial property prices. The research analyzed 1,413 commercial property parcels sold before and after the commissioning of Blue line in 2005. Hedonic Price Analysis (HPA) was used to estimate the effects of proximity to the metro rail on commercial property values. The method was applied to two time periods, i.e., from 2000-2004 and 2005-2008, coinciding with planning and construction (pre-commissioning phase and the operation phase (post-commissioning phase) of metro rail using actual sale prices of commercial units. The results indicate that a station node shows a negative trend during the planning and construction period. However, the operation period has produced a significant price premium associated with commercial properties, connected with improved accessibility. The coefficients indicate that MRTS has induced an increase in prices from INR 732.80 to INR 246.19, and its radius of impact covers an area of approximately 1/2 km from the stations. The methodology and results provide insight with a specific focus on commercial real estate values in other metropolitan cities developing and expanding MRTSs.

In Search of Infall Motion in Molecular Clumps. III. HCO+ (1-0) and H13CO+ (1-0) Mapping Observations toward Confirmed Infall Sources

The study of infall motion helps us to understand the initial stages of star formation. In this paper, we use the IRAM 30 m telescope to make mapping observations of 24 infall sources confirmed in previous work. The lines we use to track gas infall motions are HCO+ (1-0) and H13CO+ (1-0). All 24 sources show HCO+ emissions, while 18 sources show H13CO+ emissions. The HCO+ integrated intensity maps of 17 sources show clear clumpy structures; for the H13CO+ line, 15 sources show clumpy structures. We estimated the column density of HCO+ and H13CO+ using the RADEX radiation transfer code, and the obtained [HCO+]/[H2] and [H13CO+]/[HCO+] of these sources are about 10−11–10−7 and 10−3–1, respectively. Based on the asymmetry of the line profile of the HCO+, we distinguish these sources: 19 sources show blue asymmetric profiles, and the other sources show red profiles or symmetric peak profiles. For eight sources that have double-peaked blue line profiles and signal-to-noise ratios greater than 10, the RATRAN model is used to fit their HCO+ (1-0) lines, and to estimate their infall parameters. The mean V in of these sources is 0.3–1.3 km s−1, and the M ̇ in is about 10−3–10−4 M ⊙ yr−1, which is consistent with the results of intermediate or massive star formation in previous studies. The V in estimated from the Myers model is 0.1–1.6 km s−1, and the M ̇ in is within 10−3–10−5 M ⊙ yr−1. In addition, some identified infall sources show other star-forming activities, such as outflows and maser emissions. Especially for those sources with a double-peaked blue asymmetric profile, most of them have both infall and outflow evidence.

Whose Woods These Are

This chapter focuses on the early life of George Davis, a person who turned the idea for his doctoral dissertation into a big map that transformed life in the North Country. The chapter mentions how Davis worked on plans to preserve the Adirondacks for seven years, then spent another fifteen years fighting to protect those plans. It narrates Davis' work for a commission, which analyzed Adirondack Park's privately owned land in 1970. He found that most of this land was owned by just 626 families, each of which had more than 500 acres. The chapter then shifts to introduce Paul Schaefer, a leader of a coalition of conservation organization who fought the plan after a state agency made a proposal to build several more dams inside the Blue Line to provide flood control and hydroelectric power in the 1940s. The coalition claimed that it violated the Forever Wild clause. It also illustrates how Schaefer, chemical engineer Almy Coggeshall, and generations of activists defended wilderness against the thousands of snowmobiles breaking the silence in woods all over the Adirondacks. Ultimately, the chapter reviews how one can preserve the natural integrity of nearly pristine ecosystems while also letting people who live nearby build homes, take vacations, cut down trees, and dig minerals out of the ground.

Uso de adubo de liberação lenta e convencional no cultivo de Impatiens balsamina

A Impatiens balsamina (beijo de frade, maria sem vergonha) é uma florífera ornamental, usada em vaso e para formação de canteiros; possui flores de cores vermelha, creme, laranja, rósea, branca, roxa ou mesclada, caule suculento e ereto, de altura variando entre 30 a 90 cm, sendo tipicamente tropical. A pesquisa foi realizada com o intuito de avaliar a produção I. balsamina (Blue Line Flores / Balsamina Camélia Sortida) com uso de adubo de liberação lenta e convencional, em casa de vegetação tipo PAD&FAN na UNESP /Ilha Solteira - SP. Jardineiras de polipropileno preto (47,5 cm x 17,5cm boca; 41,5cm x 113 cm fundo e 15,5 cm altura: 8,5 litros), foram preenchidas com os tratamentos: T1- Condicionador Floreira + Forth Plantio (13 – 5 – 13) (5 g L-1), T2 - Condicionador Floreira + Osmocote® 3M 14-14-14 (6 g L-1) e T3 - Condicionador Floreira + Osmocote® 3M 19-06-10 mini prill (6 g L-1), e posteriormente transplantadas 2 mudas (mudas com 30 dias). Conclui-se que os melhores resultados foram obtidos com uso de adubo de liberação lenta, com ênfase no tratamento T3 – Substato + Osmocote® 3M 19-06-10 mini prill (6 g L-1).

The Usefulness of a Simple Classification for Bronchoscopic Findings for Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Tumour

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Normal bronchial epithelium has been described in terms of transparency and smoothness. No studies have compared bronchoscopic and pathological findings in the identification of bronchial epithelium. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study aimed to classify bronchoscopic findings for peripheral pulmonary tumour (PPT) for accurate bronchoscopic diagnosis accounting for the presences of bronchial epithelium and bronchial stenosis using an ultrathin bronchoscope. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed endocytoscopy using narrow-band imaging (NBI) of specimens immediately after lobectomy to investigate the normal bronchial epithelium under the physiological saline injection technique (PSIT) prior to classification of PPT. A retrospective study to classify bronchoscopic findings included 46 patients diagnosed with malignancy by bronchoscopy for PPT. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We recognized a “light blue line” (LBL) with NBI under PSIT, corresponding to strong reflection of short-wavelength light by cilia on the epithelial surface in an ex vivo endocytoscopic study. Bronchoscopic findings of PPT were classified morphologically into stenotic type (ST) and non-stenotic type (NonST). Tumours were also classified as exposed type (ET) and non-exposed type (NonET) based on the presence of epithelium. Most ST and NonET lesions (74%) were adenocarcinoma. Among squamous cell carcinoma, 55% were categorized as ST and ET. All NonST and NonET cases were adenocarcinoma. A significant difference in the presence of LBL was seen between ET and NonET. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our simple classification based on the appearance of stenosis and LBL in PPT may facilitate pathological diagnosis.

The Second Line of the Leningrad/ Saint Petersburg Metro between Old and New Urban Structures

This article examines the development of the Leningrad subway second line as a tool to make the diverse city space merge and shrink. While planning the Leningrad subway, architects and engineers had to consider recent and historical developments. Bringing together urban developments from the nineteenth century up to the reconstruction in the 1940s was crucial for the construction of this urban infrastructure and the city space. The blue line, which opened in 1961, cuts through the city on a straight line. During the planning and construction process, city planners considered various routes and developments to bring together rather different parts of Leningrad and make the city grow into one urban space. Whereas the perception of city spaces is mostly connected to its surface, the subterranean structures play a crucial role to understand not just the development of the city space itself but also its current perception.