Time Prices and the Demand for Primary Health Care in Chile

In this paper we study the demand for primary health care in Chile. Particularly, we examine the demand for preventive care using a sample of urban children residents in the Metropolitan Region. Following Acton (1975), we assess the influence of time prices and several other socioeconomic and demographic factors on demand. Although not significant at conventional levels, the negative coefficient of travel time price would indicate that this non-monetary factor (and potentially other sources of time not controlled for in this study) could act, under certain circumstances, as a money price in discouraging demand. The magnitude of the travel time price elasticity is consistent with the range of time price elasticities found in high-income countries. The greatest impact on the probability of demand is found to be associated to food collection, nutritional status of the child and prescription of medicines. Among the nutritional conditions, undernourishment is the most important. The working status of the mother a d economic variables such as earned and non-earned income do not have a relevant impact on demand.

Denominations

This chapter is about denominations in the South that once supported slavery and segregation. Now all have made apologies for past sins and injustices and continue to eradicate racial prejudice within their ranks. How did this happen? It took the combined efforts of many ministers and lay people---not all are mentioned: Baptists, Finlator, Gilmore, Holmes, Jordan, Maston, McClain, Seymour, Shannon, Stallings, Turner, Valentine; Methodists, Blanchard, Brabham, Butts, Cunningham, Ed King, Haugabook, Rhett Jackson, Reese, Schroerlucke, Selah, Sellers, Eben Taylor, Turnipseed (Methodists were also challenged to merge black and white Conferences that had been separate since 1939); Episcopalians Gray, Hines, Marmion, Morris, Stuart; Presbyterians, Calhoun, Edwards, Miller, Moffett, Rice, Smylie, Randolph Taylor, Thompson, Tucker, Yeuell; Disciples of Christ, Cartwright, Hulan; Churches of Christ, Chalk, Floyd, Fred Gray, Money, Price; Lutherans, Anderson, Davis, Ellwanger, Herzfeld, Homrighausen, Voigt Included is a review of the Delta Ministry and more about Will Campbell.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF ROBERT TORRENS TO RICARDO’S THEORY OF NATURAL WAGE

This paper reconsiders the anteriority of Robert Torrens’s theory of natural wage to that of David Ricardo. Ricardo was influenced by Torrens’s thinking when writing the chapter on “Wages” of the Principles. For many historians of economic thought, this influence is limited to Torrens’s focus on the socio-cultural aspect of necessity goods, which determine the natural price of labor. While this interpretation is consistent with that of Ricardo, we argue that the anteriority of Torrens to Ricardo more generally focuses on the method used by the latter to justify the indexation of money wages on the money price of subsistence goods. Finally, this paper shows that the tribute paid to Torrens by Ricardo paradoxically explains posterity’s misunderstanding of his theory.

“Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - The Contribution of Robert Torrens to Ricardo’s Theory of Natural Wage”

This paper reconsiders the anteriority of Torrens’ theory of natural wage to that of Ricardo. Ricardo was influenced by Torrens’ thinking when writing the chapter on “Wages” of the Principles. For many historians of economic thought, this influence is limited to Torrens’ focus on the sociocultural aspect of necessity goods, which determine the natural price of labor. While this interpretation is consistent with that of Ricardo, we argue that the anteriority of Torrens to Ricardo more generally focuses on the method used by the latter to justify the indexation of money wages on the money price of subsistence goods. Finally, this paper shows that the tribute paid to Torrens by Ricardo paradoxically explains the misunderstanding of his theory by posterity.

Convenience and Time

Chapter 6 incorporates a time constraint into the analysis presented in Chapter 5. It demonstrates how some individuals may be “time poor but money rich” but others may be “time rich but money poor”. The chapter shows how the money price and time price of a good can be brought together to create what economists call the “full price” of a good. The chapter explains how this extension affects the demand curve and demand function from Chapter 5. To make the discussion policy relevant, the possible change in food consumption induced by a change in money price or time price is evaluated relative to a nutrient or food recommendation level. The chapter closes with some of the main empirical findings relating time to food choices and nutrition.

Analysis of Customer Satisfaction: Bank of Bhutan Limited

Druk Holding and Investments (DHI) that holds and manages twenty State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Bhutan assesses customer satisfaction annually for five service oriented companies through the independent survey to measure customer service related performances of the companies. This paper uses the data collected by the consulting team in 2013 that covers twenty districts of Bhutan. The team collected the data using structured questionnaire covering different aspects of customer satisfaction. Data was collected from 2123 respondents representing various demographic characters. Besides looking into the descriptive aspects of the statistics, this paper analyses the relational between customer satisfaction level and gender, income groups and educational levels so that each group can be targeted with different strategies. Findings suggest that all types of customers consider service reliability and value for money (price) as the most important factors that attributes to their satisfaction. It was found out that generally females are more satisfied than male respondents at the same level of service quality indicators. Study further establishes the inverse relationships between customer satisfaction level and income and with educational levels of the customers.