Determination of CLINDAMYCIN HCl in Capsules by New, Validated, Simple and Green Kinetic Spectrometric Method

Optimized Conditions ◽

Abstract Background: simple, sensitive, free of organic solvents, kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Clindamycin Hydrochloride, both in pure form and Capsules. Method used is based on reaction of Clindamycin with potassium iodide and potassium iodate in aqueous medium at (25 ±2 °c) to produce yellow colored tri iodide ions (I3-). the reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 350 nm wavelength during 40 minutes. Results: the effects of analytical parameters on reported kinetic methods were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the initial rate and fixed time (at 10 min) methods were used for constructing the calibration graphs. The graphs were linear in concentration ranges 1-20 μg.ml-1 with limit of detection of 0.12 and 0.22 μg ml-1for the initial rate and fixed time methods, respectively. The results were satisfactory and the analytical performance for both methods was validated. Conclusion: The proposed methods have been applied to determine the components in capsules with an average recovery of 98.25% to 102.00% and the results are in good agreement with those found by the reference method.

Validated green spectrophotometric kinetic method for determination of Clindamycin Hydrochloride in capsules

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-021-00755-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shaza Affas ◽

Amir Alhaj Sakur

Keyword(s):

Initial Rate ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Kinetic Method ◽

Reference Method ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Iodide Ions ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Abstract Background simple, sensitive, free of organic solvents, kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Clindamycin Hydrochloride, both in pure form and Capsules. Method is based on reaction of Clindamycin with potassium iodide and potassium iodate in an aqueous medium at (25 ± 2 °C) to produce yellow-coloured tri iodide ions (I3−). The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at wavelength 350 nm during 40 min. Results the effects of analytical parameters on reported kinetic methods were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the initial rate and fixed time (at 10 min) methods were used for constructing the calibration graphs. The graphs were linear in concentration ranges 1–20 μg ml−1 with limit of detection of 0.12 and 0.22 μg ml−1for the initial rate and fixed time methods, respectively. The results were satisfactory and the analytical performance for both methods was validated. Conclusion The proposed methods have been applied to determine the components in capsules with an average recovery of 98.25–102.00% and the results are in good agreement with those found by the reference method.

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium (IV) by its Catalytic Effect on the Oxidation of Acid Chrome Blue K by Hydrogen Peroxide

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2358 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 538-541 ◽

pp. 2358-2363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhi Rong Zhou ◽

Li Zhen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Relative Standard Deviation ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Acid Chrome Blue K ◽

Based on the oxidation of acid chrome blue K (ACBK) by hydrogen peroxide in 0.002 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, while 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) acts as an activator, a simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Se(IV).The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of ACBK at 524 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of ACBK is proportional to the concentration of Se (IV) in the range 0.06–1.0 µg/L with a fixed time of 4–10 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.018 µg/L Se (IV). The influence of the factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, reaction time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined. The apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 62.30 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for 11 replicate determination of 0.01 and 0.02 µg/25mL selenium (III) was calculated to be 2.3 % and 2.0 %, respectively. Combined with sulphydryl dextrane gel (SDG) separation and enriching, the method has been successfully applied to the determination of Se (IV) in foodstuff samples with the relative standard deviation of 1.1 %–3.7 % and the recovery of 99.0 %–104.0 %, the results are in good agreement with those provided by HG-AAS method.

Smartphone Digital Image Using for Determination of DCH by a Diazotization Reaction

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411015666191202152544 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 988-995

Author(s):

Ruba F. Abbas ◽

Ali A. Waheb ◽

Howraa K. Hami ◽

Neda I. Mahdi

Keyword(s):

Digital Image ◽

Azo Dye ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Reference Method ◽

Variable Parameters ◽

Drug Determination ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Effective Intensity ◽

Background: Simple, sensitive, and economic colorimetric device based on a smartphone digital image coupled with Color Grab™ application was developed for DCH drug determination. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of benzocaine with DCH drug to get an orange azo dye. Methods: Variable parameters such as volumes of reagents, the internal walls and ambient light have been analyzed and optimized. From the optimized conditions, a calibration curve was created by the effective intensity (IG) of an orange azo dye, a correlation of determination is 0.999 and limit of detection 0.808 mg/L. Results: The results of the Smartphone method were statistically compared with the reference method using a t-test and found to be a good agreement. Conclusion: This method requires neither solvent extraction and temperature control, also it has achieved an extensive linear range and low limit of detection compared with different methods reported in the literature.

The Development of a New Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Vanadium(V) Based on its Catalytic Effect on the Oxidation of Malachite Green Oxalate by Bromate in Acidic and Micellar Medium

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2010/683069 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1612-1620 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Keyvanfard ◽

N. Abedi

Keyword(s):

Malachite Green ◽

Catalytic Effect ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Micellar Medium ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Malachite Green Oxalate

A new, simple, sensitive and selective kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of ultra trace amounts of vanadium(V). The method is based on the catalytic effect of vanadium(V) on the oxidation of malachite green oxalate (MG) by bromate in acidic and micellar medium. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of malachite green oxalate (MG) at 625 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of MG is proportional to the concentration of vanadium(V) in the range of 1-100 ng/mL with a fixed time of 0.5-2 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.71 ng/mL of vanadium(V). The relative standard deviation for the determination of 5, 30, 50 ng/mL of vanadium(V) was2.5% 2.6%, 2.4% and respectively. The method was applied to the determination of vanadium(V) in water samples.

New Sensitive Kinetic Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Omeprazole in Dosage Forms

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2009/307045 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashraf M. Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Reference Method ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Charge Transfer Complexes ◽

Specific Rate ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

H Nmr ◽

Nmr Techniques ◽

Kinetic Spectrophotometric

New rapid, sensitive, and accurate kinetic spectrophotometric methods were developed, for the first time, to determine omeprazole (OMZ) in its dosage forms. The methods were based on the formation of charge-transfer complexes with both iodine and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). The variables that affected the reactions were carefully studied and optimized. The formed complexes and the site of interaction were examined by UV/VIS, IR, and1H-NMR techniques, and computational molecular modeling. Under optimum conditions, the stoichiometry of the reactions between OMZ and the acceptors was found to be 1 : 1. The order of the reactions and the specific rate constants were determined. The thermodynamics of the complexes were computed and the mechanism of the reactions was postulated. The initial rate and fixed time methods were utilized for the determination of OMZ concentrations. The linear ranges for the proposed methods were 0.10–3.00 and 0.50–25.00 with the lowest LOD of 0.03 and 0.14 for iodine and DDQ, respectively. Analytical performance of the methods was statistically validated; RSD was <1.25% for the precision and <1.95% for the accuracy. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of OMZ in its dosage forms; the recovery was 98.91–100.32% 0.94–1.84, and was found to be comparable with that of reference method.

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of Bi(III) based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of phenylfluorone by hydrogen peroxide

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0909977r ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 74 (8-9) ◽

pp. 977-984

Author(s):

Sofija Rancic ◽

Snezana Nikolic-Mandic

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Spectrophotometric Determination ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Catalytic Effect ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Kinetic Method ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

A new reaction was suggested and a new kinetic method was elaborated for determination of Bi(III) in solution, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of phenyl-fluorone (PF) by hydrogen peroxide in ammonia buffer. By application of spectrophotometric technique, a limit of quantification (LQ) of 128 ng cm-3 was reached, and the limit of detection (LD) of 37 ng cm-3 was obtained, where LQ was defined as the ratio signal: noise = 10:1 and LD was defined as signal 3:1 against the blank. The RSD value was found to be in the range 2.8-4.8 % for the investigated concentration range of Bi(III). The influence of some ions upon the reaction rate was tested. The method was confirmed by determining Bi(III) in a stomach ulcer drug ('Bicit HP', Hemofarm A.D.). The obtained results were compared to those obtained by AAS and good agreement of results was obtained.

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Ruthenium by its Catalytic Effect on the Reduction of Spadns with Sodium Hypophosphite in Micellar Media

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4067 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 204-208 ◽

pp. 4067-4070 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhi Rong Zhou ◽

Li Zhen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Catalytic Effect ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Sodium Hypophosphite ◽

Micellar Media ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Kinetic Spectrophotometric

A simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Ru (III). The method is based on the reduction of spadns by sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) in micellar media. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of spadns at 515 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of spadns is proportional to the concentration of Ru (III) in the range 0.40–10.0 μg/L with a fixed time of 2.5–7.0 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.12 μg/L Ru (III). The relative standard deviation for the determination of 0.10 and 0.20 μg/25mL Ru (III) was 2.3 % and 2.0 %, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of Ru (III) in some ores and metallurgy products.

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate and Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole

Journal of Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2014/917234 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammed G. Abdel Wahed ◽

Ragaa El Sheikh ◽

Ayman A. Gouda ◽

Sayed Abou Taleb

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Kinetic Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Comparison Of The Results

Simple, sensitive, and accurate kinetic spectrophotometric method was proposed for the determination of gemifloxacin mesylate (GMF) and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX) in pure forms and pharmaceutical preparations (tablets). The method is based on coupling the studied drugs with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) in the presence of alkaline borate buffer. Spectrophotometric measurement was achieved by recording the absorbance at 466 and 464 nm for GMF and MOX, respectively, after a fixed time of 20 and 15 min on a water bath adjusted at 70 ± 5°C for both drugs. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized. The absorbance-concentration plots were linear over the ranges 0.5–8.0 and 2.0–12 μg mL−1for GMF and MOX, respectively. The limit of detection of the kinetic method was about 0.12 (2.47 × 10−7 M) and 0.36 (8.22 × 10−7 M) μg mL−1for GMF and MOX, respectively. The proposed methods have been applied and validated successfully with percentage relative standard deviation (RSD% ≤ 0.52) as precision and percentage relative error (RE% ≤ 1.33) as accuracy. The robustness of the proposed method was examined with recovery values that were 97.5–100.5 ± 1.3–1.9%. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference spectrophotometric methods shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy or precision.

Kinetic- spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Naringenin in Pure and Supplements Formulations

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3.0595 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 0595

Author(s):

ALmashhadani Et al.

Keyword(s):

Prussian Blue ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Maximum Absorbance ◽

Kinetic Spectrophotometric

Simple, cheap, sensitive, and accurate kinetic- spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of naringenin in pure and supplements formulations. The method is based on the formation of Prussian blue. The product dye exhibits a maximum absorbance at 707 nm. The calibration graph of naringenin was linear over the range 0.3 to 10 µg ml-1 for the fixed time method (at 15 min) with a correlation coefficient (r) and percentage linearity (r2%) were of 0.9995 and 99.90 %, respectively, while the limit of detection LOD was 0.041 µg ml-1. The method was successfully applied for the determination of naringenin in supplements with satisfactory results.

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Ranitidine and Nizatidine in Pharmaceuticals

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/85.6.1316 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

pp. 1316-1323 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mohamed I Walash ◽

Fathalla Belal ◽

Fawzia Ibrahim ◽

Mohamed Hefnawy ◽

Manal Eid

Keyword(s):

Reaction Pathway ◽

Kinetic Method ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Borate Buffer ◽

The Other ◽

Average Recovery ◽

Abstract An accurate and simple kinetic method is described for the determination of ranitidine and nizatidine in pure form and in pharmaceuticals. The method is based on the reaction of the compounds with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in pH 7.4 borate buffer at 60°C for a fixed time of 25 min for both compounds. The absorbance of the reaction product is measured at 495 nm for ranitidine and nizatidine. Calibration graphs were linear over the concentration range of 2–20 μg/mL, with limits of detection of 0.13 (3.7 × 10−7M) and 0.25 μg/mL (7.5 × 10−7M) for ranitidine and nizatidine, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of ranitidine in tablets and ampoules with average recoveries of 100.26 ± 0.69 and 100.29 ± 0.59%, respectively, and to the determination of nizatidine in capsules with an average recovery of 104.26 ± 0.44%. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by the other methods used for comparison. A proposal of the reaction pathway is also presented.