The Impact of Environmental Uncertainty on Corporate Innovation: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy

The paper analyzes the effect of environmental uncertainty on corporate technological innovation from the perspective of an innovation value chain under the institutional background of China. This paper not only discusses the intermediary effect of agency problems on environmental uncertainty and corporate technological innovation but also deeply explores the influence of information transparency, government subsidies, and other mechanisms to alleviate agency problems on environmental uncertainty and corporate technological innovation. We use the data of listed companies in China from 2008 to 2019 as the research sample, and the results show that, in general, environmental uncertainty has a negative effect on both input and output of technological innovation, and the negative effect can last for two years. Further research shows that the agency problem has an intermediary effect on the environmental uncertainty and corporate technology innovation, and the environmental uncertainty aggravates the agency problem, which hinders the input and output of corporate technology innovation. As an important mechanism to alleviate the agency problems, information transparency and government subsidies can effectively alleviate the agency conflict, thus reducing the inhibition of environmental uncertainty on the input and output of technological innovation. Our findings contribute to the discussion of driving factors for technological innovation in the context of China’s system. Our results provide useful insights into the link between environmental uncertainty and corporate innovation for economic academics and practitioners alike.

PENGARUH AGENCY COST TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Agency problem timbul akibat adanya perbedaan kepentingan antara agen dan prinsipal. Kepemilikan saham pada perusahaan BUMN yang terkonsentrasi pada kepemilikan pemerintah sebagai prinsipal cenderung memungkinkan terjadinya agency problem yang lebih besar. Agency problem akan menimbulkan biaya yang harus ditanggung oleh perusahaan yang disebut agency cost. Pengukuran tingkat agency cost pada penelitian ini menggunakan expense ratio dan total turnover ratio. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh agency cost terhadap nilai perusahaan BUMN yang diproksikan dengan rasio Tobin’s Q.

External Shocks and FX Intervention Policy in Emerging Economies

This paper discusses the role of sterilized foreign exchange (FX) interventions as a monetary policy instrument for emerging market economies in response to external shocks. We develop a model for a commodity-exporting small open economy in which FX intervention is considered as a balance sheet policy induced by a financial friction in the form of an agency problem between banks and their creditors. The severity of banks agency problem depends directly on a bank-level measure of currency mismatch. Endogenous deviations from the standard UIP condition arise at equilibrium. In this context, FX interventions moderate the response of financial and macroeconomic variables to external shocks by leaning against the wind with respect to real exchange rate pressures. Our quantitative results indicate that, conditional on external shocks, the FX intervention policy successfully reduces credit, investment, and output volatility, along with substantial welfare gains when compared to a free-floating exchange rate regime. Finally, we explore distinct generalizations of the model that eliminate the presence of endogenous UIP deviations. In those cases, FX intervention operations are considerably less effective for the aggregate equilibrium.