Mental Fatigue and Basketball Performance: A Systematic Review

Mental fatigue (MF) is a psycho-biological state that impairs sports-related performances. Recently, it has been proved that MF can affect basketball performance. However, a systematic overview detailing the influences of MF on basketball performance is still lacking. This study aims to investigate the effects of MF on the physical, technical, tactical, and cognitive performance of basketball. We used the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopes, and CKNI for articles published up to 31 May 2021. The articles included in this study were projected to test whether MF influences basketball athlete performance. Only experimental design studies were selected, and the control condition was without MF. Finally, seven articles fit the inclusion criteria. The results imply that MF impairs the technical aspects of basketball (free throws, three-point shots, and total turnover) and the players' cognitive [take-the-first (TTF) heuristics and decision-making] performance, which results in athletes not using their techniques skillfully and being unable to make practical decisions during critical points in the game. In addition to that, the influences of MF on physical and tactical performance have not been studied. Further studies should look into comprehensive research on the influences of MF on basketball performance, especially on a player's physical and tactical performance.Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/] [INPLASY2021100017].

Biosynthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols via an Engineered Amine Dehydrogenase in E. coli

Chiral amino alcohols are prevalent synthons in pharmaceuticals and synthetic bioactive compounds. The efficient synthesis of chiral amino alcohols using ammonia as the sole amino donor under mild conditions is highly desired and challenging in organic chemistry and biotechnology. Our previous work explored a panel of engineered amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) derived from amino acid dehydrogenase (AADH), enabling the one-step synthesis of chiral amino alcohols via the asymmetric reductive amination of α-hydroxy ketones. Although the AmDH-directed asymmetric reduction is in a high stereoselective manner, the activity is yet fully excavated. Herein, an engineered AmDH derived from a leucine dehydrogenase from Sporosarcina psychrophila (SpAmDH) was recruited as the starting enzyme, and the combinatorial active-site saturation test/iterative saturation mutagenesis (CAST/ISM) strategy was applied to improve the activity. After three rounds of mutagenesis in an iterative fashion, the best variant wh84 was obtained and proved to be effective in the asymmetric reductive amination of 1-hydroxy-2-butanone with 4-fold improvements in kcat/Km and total turnover number (TTN) values compared to those of the starting enzyme, while maintaining high enantioselectivity (ee >99%) and thermostability (T5015 >53°C). In preparative-scale reaction, the conversion of 100 and 200 mM 1-hydroxy-2-butanone catalyzed by wh84 was up to 91–99%. Insights into the source of an enhanced activity were gained by the computational analysis. Our work expands the catalytic repertoire and toolbox of AmDHs.

Sosialisasi Perpajakan Pada Pelaku Usaha UMKM Di Kota Cimahi

Community service activities are carried out on MSMEs assisted by the Cimahi city government, West Java. This activity is in the form of socializing the role of MSMEs in taxation and incentives for those affected by COVID-19. The goal is for MSMEs to understand their tax obligations, namely calculating, depositing and reporting taxes and taking advantage of tax incentives provided by the government for business actors affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Incentives given to MSME actors by reducing the PPh rate (Final Income Tax) to 0.5% of total turnover, according to Government Regulation (PP) Number 23 of 2018 concerning Income Tax on income from businesses received or obtained by Taxpayers who have gross income certain. turnover. Then briefing on the extension of incentives due to this pandemic by utilizing the tax payment abolition facility with the DTP PPh Final mechanism as stated in PMK-82/PMK.03/2021. The implementation is carried out using a webinar mechanism in August 2021. The initial agenda for this activity is coordinated by the activity committee through the WhatsApp group by distributing flyers with the intention that the socialization activities carried out can be followed by the fostered MSME business actors. by the City Government of Cimahi. The output of this activity is to make MSME actors aware of their tax obligations for the business they run, understand how to utilize and use DTP Final Income Tax incentives and calculate, deposit and report taxes.

PENGARUH AGENCY COST TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Agency problem timbul akibat adanya perbedaan kepentingan antara agen dan prinsipal. Kepemilikan saham pada perusahaan BUMN yang terkonsentrasi pada kepemilikan pemerintah sebagai prinsipal cenderung memungkinkan terjadinya agency problem yang lebih besar. Agency problem akan menimbulkan biaya yang harus ditanggung oleh perusahaan yang disebut agency cost. Pengukuran tingkat agency cost pada penelitian ini menggunakan expense ratio dan total turnover ratio. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh agency cost terhadap nilai perusahaan BUMN yang diproksikan dengan rasio Tobin’s Q.

The Analysis of the Ski Slopes and the Degree of Economic Dependence Induced by Winter Sports Tourism. The Case of Romania

Winter sports are the main attraction for many tourist areas in Romania, contributing significantly to the development of local economies. Based on this, the study aims to analyze the ski areas in Romania, as well as the extent to which they contribute to the sustainable development of the local economy. This is particularly important as, in recent decades, climate change has significantly affected winter sports, especially skiing. Thus, an analysis of the physical characteristics of ski runs in Romania (number, length, width, level difference and slope) is accompanied with an analysis on the dynamics of the share of tourism in the local economy of winter sport locations, based on tourism turnover relative to total turnover in the local economy. Both graphic and cartographic methods were used in this study, based on an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data available for ski slopes in Romania and the host localities. We used ArcGIS 10.6 software for the preparation of graphical representations and other software to process large databases. The research results showed a great diversity regarding counties, localities and ski slopes depending on the characteristic features of ski slopes (number, length, width, level difference and slope). In our study, the evolution of the share of turnover in tourism in terms of total turnover presented several categories of localities based on their economic dependence on winter sports; the impact in this regard was found to be very differentiated between localities.

The Impact of the Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments on the Economic Development of Serbia

Foreign direct investments present one of the very important products of globalization, by establishing a new economic concept of free international movement of capital, people, goods and services. An analyses of the impact of this type of international movement of capital on economic growth and development is one of the modern tendencies of economic researchers. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the impact of the level and structure of foreign direct investment on the economic development of the Serbian economy, where the impact of foreign direct investment inflow on economic growth, current balance, manufacturing industry through the impact on total industry turnover, employment and productivity will be separately considered. The aim of this research is to prove the importance of FDI for developing countries, as well as to point out the need to improve and enhance the business environment in order to maximize FDI inflows. The main hypothesis of this research is that foreign direct investments significantly contribute to the economic growth and development of the Republic of Serbia. For the purposes of hypothesis analysis and testing, a simple linear regression model was used in this paper. The research was conducted for the period from 2010 to 2019. The obtained results present a positive relationship between the inflow of foreign direct investment and GDP growth, and show a positive relationship between growth of investments in manufacturing and growth in productivity, employment and total turnover, and show a positive relationship between FDI inflow and export value.

Transamination-Like Reaction Catalyzed by Leucine Dehydrogenase for Efficient Co-Synthesis of α-Amino Acids and α-Keto Acids

α-Amino acids and α-keto acids are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of several commercially valuable products in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a novel transamination-like reaction catalyzed by leucine dehydrogenase was successfully constructed for the efficient enzymatic co-synthesis of α-amino acids and α-keto acids. In this reaction mode, the α-keto acid substrate was reduced and the α-amino acid substrate was oxidized simultaneously by the enzyme, without the need for an additional coenzyme regeneration system. The thermodynamically unfavorable oxidation reaction was driven by the reduction reaction. The efficiency of the biocatalytic reaction was evaluated using 12 different substrate combinations, and a significant variation was observed in substrate conversion, which was subsequently explained by the differences in enzyme kinetics parameters. The reaction with the selected model substrates 2-oxobutanoic acid and L-leucine reached 90.3% conversion with a high total turnover number of 9.0 × 106 under the optimal reaction conditions. Furthermore, complete conversion was achieved by adjusting the ratio of addition of the two substrates. The constructed reaction mode can be applied to other amino acid dehydrogenases in future studies to synthesize a wider range of valuable products.

Factors related to turnover intention among staff of elderly caring social organizations in Anhui Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Objective Turnover intention of employees in elderly caring social organizations has a significant impact on elderly care service delivery. This study investigated the associated factors of turnover intention among employees of elderly caring social organizations in Anhui Province, China. Methods A total of 605 participants were selected using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic, social support, and turnover intention from the participants. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistical analysis, one-way variance analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the factors related to turnover intention. Results Results of our study showed that the total score of turnover intention, turnover intention I (possibility of quitting a current job),turnover intention II (motivation to find other jobs) and turnover intention III (obtaining the external possibility of work) were 8.84, 2.32, 2.38, and 4.14, respectively. Social support negatively correlated with turnover intention I and turnover intention II. However, it showed positive correlation with turnover intention III and total turnover intention scores; turnover intentionI (coefficient: − 0.082), turnover intention II (coefficient: − 0.071), turnover intention III (coefficient: 0.19), Total score of turnover intention (coefficient: 0.093). Ethnic group, age, education level, and job satisfaction were associated with turnover intention. Conclusion Improvement of social support play an important role in reducing the turnover intention of employees in elderly caring social organizations. It is important to increase organizational commitment and strengthen psychological empowerment, combined with decreasing job burnout for stability.

Exploring the Impact of Electronic Commerce on Employment Rate: Panel Data Evidence from European Union Countries

The objective of this study is to explore the impact of electronic commerce on employment rate for a sample covering the whole 27 Member States of the European Union (EU-27), from 2010 to 2019. Moreover, this research explores the clusters of nations with reference to electronic commerce adoption and employment rate dynamics. The outcomes of cluster analysis show that Western Europe reveals the most developed e-commerce marketplace in EU-27, shown by Internet accessibility and high penetration rate of digital tools, and the lowest figures are registered in the Eastern part of Europe. Furthermore, the empirical findings of the panel data fixed-effects and the generalized least squares regressions suggest that electronic commerce influences employment rate positively. By including country-level control variables (real GDP growth rate, research and development expenditure, employed ICT specialists, enterprises with Internet access), the outcomes reveal that one percentage change in enterprises’ total turnover from e-commerce sales, enterprises’ turnover from web sales, and enterprises with e-commerce sales of at least 1% turnover will increase employment rate by 0.205, 0.258, and 0.350 percentage points. Furthermore, the econometric evidence from the method of moments quantile regression models with fixed effects reinforces our findings. Enterprises’ total turnover from e-commerce sales and the percentage of enterprises with e-commerce sales of at least 1% turnover positively influence employment rate for all quintiles, but in the case of enterprises’ turnover from web sales, the effect is positive only for the quintiles ranging from 0.5–0.8.

Uwarunkowania rozwoju gospodarczego i handlu zagranicznego krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w okresie międzywojennym (1918-1939)

The economic development of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the interwar period did not remove essential structural defects in foreign trade, such as: regionalism, compliance of export and import directions, too much concentration on several markets, low assortment diversity and typically raw material and agricultural export structure. Mutual exchange took place on a small scale and was often unilateral, and its size did not generally exceed 10% of the total turnover of this zone. In addition, it was also characterized by a significant degree of concentration and occurred mainly between neighboring countries and in a narrow range. One of the fundamental reasons explaining the low level of mutual trade was the far-reaching mutual competitiveness of the economies of these countries. The high similarity of export structures and assortments as well as the identity of import needs at a weak level, with a similar export expansion rate, have created significant elements of competition between the economies of the region. In the interwar period, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe were not strongly involved in foreign trade, with the exception of Czechoslovakia. They were generally poorly developed raw material and agricultural countries, exporting mainly raw materials and food to developed countries of Western Europe, and in particular to Germany. Their total share in world trade was at the level of approx. 3% at that time. The low level of involvement of these countries in world trade was indicated in particular by small export volumes per one inhabitant.