Bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis with pulmonary hypertension due to Takayasu’s arteritis, examined using quantitative flow ratio during revascularisation

Therapeutic effect evaluation is based on morphology performed by angiography conventionally. QFR is a new angiography-based tool for vascular assessment of functional severity. We report the first QFR examination in the field of Takayasu's arteritis patient with pulmonary artery stenosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. It seems simple and practicable during off-line pulmonary artery intervention assessment.

Animal Models for COVID-19: Hamsters, Mouse, Ferret, Mink, Tree Shrew, and Non-human Primates

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus causing acute respiratory tract infection in humans. The virus has the characteristics of rapid transmission, long incubation period and strong pathogenicity, and has spread all over the world. Therefore, it is of great significance to select appropriate animal models for antiviral drug development and therapeutic effect evaluation. Here, we review and compare the current animal models of SARS-CoV-2.

Dosage regimen formulation and its therapeutic effect evaluation of cyadox nanosuspension against dairy cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract:: In this study, the dosage regimen establishment of cyadox nanosuspension against dairy cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was used as example to provide a general reference for the other novel nanocrystal prepa-rations. The effect of cyadox against S. aureus isolates from dairy cows were firstly estimated and then the dosing regimen of nanosuspension after intramammary administration was optimized according to the model of ex vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD). The therapeutic efficacy of the predicted dosage regimen was evaluated. The results demonstrated that cyadox has a concentration-dependent effect on S. aureus. The smallest and highest values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 80 isolates was 8 and 64 μg/mL, respectively. The corresponding MIC50 and MIC90 was 16 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC against the pathogenic S. aureus SAHZ156001 in broth and milk were 16 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. The AUC0-last and Cmax of cyadox in milk were 4442.877 μg*h/mL and 753.052 μg/mL, respective-ly. According to the inhibitory sigmoid Emax modeling and dosage equation, the daily doses were predicted 1.6, 6.6, and 12.2 mL/gland to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects. The dosage internal was daily administration for continuous three days. The clinical experiment showed that the efficient rates were 100, 100, and 90.9%, and the curative rates were 100, 81.8, and 63.6% in 12.2, 6.6 and 1.6 ml/gland groups, respectively. These results showed that cyadox nano-suspension had a good prospect as intramammary infusion to cure dairy cow mastitis infected by S. aureus. This study will be helpful for providing reference for nanocrystal preparation dosage regimen formulation.

Methods of mathematical modeling of fundus laser exposure for therapeutic effect evaluation

When laser coagulation of eye retina is carried out, the laser beam is directed to target retinal areas selected by an ophthalmologist. The exposure to laser light produces a photocoagulate. When using laser coagulation, the main problem is selecting both the laser exposure areas that would cover all pathological zones and the laser exposure parameters to prevent retina damage. Any patient has an individual fundus structure. The individual structure of pathological and anatomical elements must be taken into account to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. The formation of coagulates in all hemorrhage-affected areas results in the desired therapeutic effect. The vascular layer must be heated to a sufficient temperature to form a coagulate. Such an effect can be predicted using mathematical modeling of laser exposure. In this paper, we consider methods of mathematical modeling of laser exposure based on the solution of a heat equation. The methods are compared in terms of their computational complexity and solution stability. An analysis of the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect using methods of mathematical modeling of laser exposure is carried out.