TRANSLATION AS A HUMAN ACTION

Translation act, which has been regarded as a sub-discipline of linguistics for many years, has a theoretical structure as an independent science. In this context, his understanding of translation act has also changed. The act of translation does not only consist of linguistic and textual problems. The act of translation is no longer an interlanguage transfer process and is carried out within the framework of multilateral cooperation. The translator, who is expected to perform the translation act in all its dimensions alone, now directs translation in the context of cooperation as a social business. This new understanding of translation, which puts the translator at the center of the translation act, imposes a social responsibility on the translator. As an expert, the translator undertakes a social role by planning the translation act. Translation, which is an act of cultural transference from the source text, is expected to be reflected in accordance with its function in culture. In this sense, the emotions, creativity and conditions of the translator as a person affect the cultural transfer through the act of translation. Translation act is a process planned by the translator. This process is determined individually. In this respect, the individual structure characteristics and experiences of the translator who directs the translation act are also of great importance. While analyzing the text in the translation process, the translator must also implement translation strategies according to text differences. Otherwise, the balance between the source text and the target text will be disrupted. The act of translation, as an act of thought, is a human act of the translator that bridges different socio-cultural structures. In this study, the problems experienced by the translator while performing the translation act as a human will be examined. The importance of the identity of the translator who performs the act of translation as a cultural transfer function in the context of social cooperation will be examined. Problems arising from the fact that translation act is a human act will be interpreted as a qualitative research by scanning the relevant sources. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0750/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Protection and repair of concrete structures as an important contribution to sustainability

<p>Effective protection strategies and repair methods of concrete structures guarantee their serviceability and durability for a long period of time. However, the choice of the “right” materials, according to the code-family EN 1504, does not generally ensure the success of the application. It is the choice of the right system of materials as well as the application rules and quality control which guarantee this success. To achieve this, additional regulations have been introduced in Germany in the past. However, this procedure has been declared illegal according to the decision of the European Court of Justice, so a new way had to be found. This new way is based on the specific requirements for protection and repair of each individual structure and shifts the responsibility to the design engineer.</p><p><br clear="none"/></p>

The effects of expansion joint design on bridge life-cycle costs - initial investment versus total cost of ownership

<p>The need to maximise long-term value for money supports the consideration of life-cycle costs rather than just initial construction costs when investing in key infrastructure such as bridges. This is especially true in the case of a bridge’s expansion joints, which are much less robust than the structure as a whole yet subjected to continuous movements and dynamic loading. The life-cycle costs of a bridge’s expansion joints may be considered to include not only initial supply and installation costs, but also maintenance and repair costs throughout their service life, and replacement costs, and the user costs associated with maintenance and replacement work – especially those relating to traffic disruption. Increasingly, the effects of avoidable work on the environment should also be considered. This paper will address this topic, discussing issues that should be considered in choosing the optimal solution for any individual structure.</p>

Methods of mathematical modeling of fundus laser exposure for therapeutic effect evaluation

When laser coagulation of eye retina is carried out, the laser beam is directed to target retinal areas selected by an ophthalmologist. The exposure to laser light produces a photocoagulate. When using laser coagulation, the main problem is selecting both the laser exposure areas that would cover all pathological zones and the laser exposure parameters to prevent retina damage. Any patient has an individual fundus structure. The individual structure of pathological and anatomical elements must be taken into account to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. The formation of coagulates in all hemorrhage-affected areas results in the desired therapeutic effect. The vascular layer must be heated to a sufficient temperature to form a coagulate. Such an effect can be predicted using mathematical modeling of laser exposure. In this paper, we consider methods of mathematical modeling of laser exposure based on the solution of a heat equation. The methods are compared in terms of their computational complexity and solution stability. An analysis of the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect using methods of mathematical modeling of laser exposure is carried out.

Altruism and Structure of Values: An Experimental Investigation

Individual structure of values explains many behaviours that people consciously undertake when setting goals for themselves, both in personal and social dimensions. Altruistic behaviours may be influenced, for example, by personal concerns for the well-being and interests of others that fit into a broader framework of values. We use an online experiment to explore how donors (pure altruists, warm-glow givers and impure altruists) differ in their structure of values, and whether their prosocial behaviours are guided by specific sets of values and motivations. We find that donors give great importance to the relationship with others, and they identify themselves with the norms and attitude of a community, responding to the values of tradition, conformity, benevolence and universalism. On the contrary, non-donors do not seem to have this kind of values reference and, therefore, are not inclined to make a donation. Furthermore, we find that impure altruists wish to achieve self-enhancement objectives through altruistic behaviour, as pure warm-glow givers do, but, at the same time, they make a donation because it represents a genuine altruistic act, similarly to pure altruists. JEL: H41, C90, C91

Thermal Stress in Concrete Slab of the Airfield Pavement

Stress occurring in concrete pavement slab changes on daily and annual basis. Daily changes of air temperature in between environments depend on the following: latitude where the structure is located and season. Change of air temperature causes the variable thermal stress of a slab and consequently change of its linear dimensions (slab extension or shortening. “Thermal balance of pavement” prepared for individual structure solutions, should be the basis for construction design and geometric solutions concerning air field structure. This publication refers only to natural changes of temperature conditions of the environment. Other phenomena occurring on concrete airfield pavement under the influence of imposed thermal loads will be the subject of another publication in this regard.

Geosystems of gas-saturated permafrost

The object of this&nbsp;study is the geosystems of gas-saturated permafrost. Currently, the theoretical basis for examination of gas component in permafrost is practically not developed. At the same time, the theoretical and practical significance of this problem has rapidly increased in recent years. This is due to gas emissions during drilling of wells in frozen rocks, the identification of significant greenhouse gas emissions in the Arctic, the detection of previously unknown processes in the permafrost zone &ndash; the formation of craters due to gas emissions.The main method applied in the article is the analysis of research materials. The synthesis of the results was carried out on the basis of the geosystem approach. The authors are first to demonstrate that gas-saturated zones in seasonally and permafrost rocks have all the attributes of geosystems: localization in space, boundaries, morphology, individual structure and properties, development history, life cycle, hierarchy.&nbsp;Five types of geosystem were determined: active layer; genetic type; confined to geological structures; secondary, associated with the decomposition of gas hydrates in vivo; technogenic (due to thermal or mechanical effects on hydrated and gas saturated frozen rocks). The artcile describes promising directions in studying gas-saturated geosystems of permafrost zone, as well as&nbsp;&nbsp;the advanced research methods.

Dynamics of Individual Correlogram of Identity Formation Stages of a University Student

The relevance of the study of identity formation stages of a university student is determined by changes in modern Russian higher education primarily related to digitalization processes. The article presents the description of students’ identity formation features under conditions of higher education digitalization. The expediency of using an ecopsychological (ontological) model of identity formation is shown, according to which the process of formation of subject qualities is viewed in the ontological continuum, i.e. “subject of spontaneous activity – subject of arbitrary action”. With this model used as a theoretical basis, the aim of the study was to empirically identify correlation relationships (correlograms) between the stages of identity formation in university students. We have put forward a hypothesis that the relationships between stages of identity formation are peculiar and describe the individual style of learning actions of a student in the temporal aspect. The necessity of using specifically developed methods of process diagnostics and nonparametric statistical methods has been shown. The results of a longitudinal study of the identity formation stages in the course of education at a technical university are presented (n = 150 students; first and second year students; M = 18,86 years; Sd = 0,79; 46% male), longitude duration is 8–10 weeks. There is an example of a correlogram, which demonstrates individual structure of correlation interrelations between the stages of student’s identity. Interpretations of this structure of interrelations are suggested taking into account the style of subjectivity formation. Recommendations on application of obtained data regarding the stages of identity formation in the university educational process are given.

INFLUENCE OF UNROOT SUPPLIES ON THE FORMATION OF QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF SEED IN THE OILSEED RADISH UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The article reflects the results of studying the effect of complex water-soluble fertilizers on the formation of seed yield and its quality. The research system included the consecutive three times use of fertilizers balanced in both macro and microelements of different composition, meeting the characteristics of plant growth processes, the expediency of applying different intensity of additional oil radish feedings was established. The features of the influence of different intensity of fertilizing on the individual structure of the seed productivity of plants on the main indicators that are decisive in the formation of seed output per unit area are determined. Productivity indicators have been established in accordance with the studied structure, which are most closely related to the use of complex fertilizers. The increase in seed yield with a consistent increase in the number of dressings from one to three was evaluated and the various fertilizer formats were evaluated, depending on the levels of productivity obtained. The features of the formation of the quality of radish oilseed seeds were determined depending on the application options for fertilizers and a general conclusion was drawn about the efficiency of complex using Folikea fertilizers to improve the technological quality of radish oilseed seeds.

Expandable Layered Hybrid Materials Based on Individual 1D Metalorganic Nanoribbons

Different metalorganic lamellar hybrid materials based on associated nanoribbons were synthesized by the use of alkyl–benzyl monocarboxylate spacers, containing alkyl tails with variable lengths, which acted like structural growing inhibitors. These molecular agents were perpendicularly located and coordinated to aluminium nodes in the interlayer space, controlling the separation between individual structure sub-units. The hybrid materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical and thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)/transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing their physicochemical properties. The specific capacity of the metalorganic materials to be exfoliated through post-synthesis treatments, using several solvents due to the presence of 1D structure sub-units and a marked hydrophobic nature, was also evidenced.