Brain Tissues Affection After Oral Tramadol: An Experiment Study

Tramadol may lead to the accumulation of toxic components in the body. This study aims to detect the toxic effect of tramadol on brain tissues. The clinical experiment was carried out at the Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital. Ten rats of both sex weighing (180-300 g) were selected from the veterinary house. Brain tissues were immediately removed and put into 10% neutral buffer formalin for fixation, then stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain. A significant decrease in the brain weight in rats when given the tramadol in dose 50 mg/ kg. Changes included a mild degree of tissue injury in the cerebral cortex, increase in vacuolar degeneration, with atrophy and degeneration of neurons. There are toxic effects when tramadol describes for a long time on the brain tissues.

Chronic unilateral arm lymphedema correlates with increased intima-media thickness in the brachial artery

Summary: Drainage of the arterial wall via adventitial lymphatic vessels has been shown to play a pivotal role for vessel wall homeostasis. Also, retrograde cholesterol transport is ensured via this route, but no studies exist to demonstrate that lymphatic stasis would represent a mechanism to initiate atherosclerotic lesion formation in human arteries. To test this hypothesis, we embarked on a simple clinical experiment, assessing wall thickness in limb arteries with lymphedema after surgical intervention, with the contralateral limb serving as control. Using ultrasound imaging, the differential thickness was assessed separately for the three arterial wall layers. The potential of disease progression by lymphostasis was addressed by depiction of longitudinal results according to the time after lymph dissection.

Excretion Detection Systems with Gas Sensors – Development of Prototype Devices Integrating Sensor and Operation Functions –

In this study, we report on the development and evaluation of new excretion detection devices based on an existing product, Product H, which utilizes odor-sensing technology. Caregivers can use the developed device to receive a detection signal and record the true/false status of the detection. This device is based on a preliminary interview with caregivers regarding the desirable characteristics of the planned device. As a result, the size of the device was reduced to approximately 20% of the existing product. An excretion detection rate of 60% was achieved in a clinical experiment, as compared with that of 80% for Product H. This is significant because the parameter values were not yet optimized for the developed device. Further, a simple questionnaire was administered to caregivers, in which the intuitiveness of the operation and the functionality of the design were praised. However, there is a desire for an option to record more excretion characteristics was expressed. Therefore, we developed a revised device to include an input option regarding the amount and hardness of the excrement. The results of the subsequent evaluation questionnaire on the revised device were mostly favorable, but the caregivers had divided opinions on the new input feature. This result suggests a need for further investigation regarding the necessity of this feature.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Risperidone with Aripiprazole as a Combination Therapy in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Background: This study intends to compare the effectiveness of Risperidone with Aripiprazole as a combination therapy in Attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) children with oppositional defiant disorder, treated with Methylphenidate. Methods: This is a double-blind clinical experiment. The sample size was determined as 60 (40 for the intervention group and 20 for the control group) by random sampling. The data collecting instrument was Parent's ADHD Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), demographic information checklist, and drug's side-effects checklist for this study. Repeated measurement multivariate analysis was used as a statistical method to compare the quantitative variables in both intervention and control groups using SPSS18 software. Results: The results of this study indicated that there is a substantial difference between scores in ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) groups after 8 weeks (F=2.34, p>0.03). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, Aripiprazole in combination with Methylphenidate have a higher effect on reducing ADHD and ODD symptom.Trial registration: IRCT20160530028182N5; Registered 6 February 2018, https://en.irct.ir/trial/22916

Cell technologies in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis

SummaryThe article is dedicated to the current state and prospects of cell technologies in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. The material is based on the analysis of clinical trials on this topic submitted to international registry СlinicalTrials.gov. It has been founded 5 clinical trials relevant to the theme. Only one of these trials was completed with the results pub-lished. It has been stated that the use of cell technologies for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis is still in the stage of a pilot clinical experiment. Thus, it can not yet be the subject of any translation into common clinical practice. At the same time, there is a reason to expect in the upcoming years a serious progress in this direction. This is indicated by the fact that, as of March 1, 2020, the СlinicalTrials.govregistry lists 4 active clinical trials in which the usage of cell technologies in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis is tested. Some of these trials have been already recruiting patients or are ready to begin the recruitment.

Dosage regimen formulation and its therapeutic effect evaluation of cyadox nanosuspension against dairy cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract:: In this study, the dosage regimen establishment of cyadox nanosuspension against dairy cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was used as example to provide a general reference for the other novel nanocrystal prepa-rations. The effect of cyadox against S. aureus isolates from dairy cows were firstly estimated and then the dosing regimen of nanosuspension after intramammary administration was optimized according to the model of ex vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD). The therapeutic efficacy of the predicted dosage regimen was evaluated. The results demonstrated that cyadox has a concentration-dependent effect on S. aureus. The smallest and highest values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 80 isolates was 8 and 64 μg/mL, respectively. The corresponding MIC50 and MIC90 was 16 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC against the pathogenic S. aureus SAHZ156001 in broth and milk were 16 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. The AUC0-last and Cmax of cyadox in milk were 4442.877 μg*h/mL and 753.052 μg/mL, respective-ly. According to the inhibitory sigmoid Emax modeling and dosage equation, the daily doses were predicted 1.6, 6.6, and 12.2 mL/gland to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects. The dosage internal was daily administration for continuous three days. The clinical experiment showed that the efficient rates were 100, 100, and 90.9%, and the curative rates were 100, 81.8, and 63.6% in 12.2, 6.6 and 1.6 ml/gland groups, respectively. These results showed that cyadox nano-suspension had a good prospect as intramammary infusion to cure dairy cow mastitis infected by S. aureus. This study will be helpful for providing reference for nanocrystal preparation dosage regimen formulation.

Interpretation on Breast Cancer Generation in 2D & 3D Images by Skeletonization Algorithm

The present usage and values obtained clinically on breast cancer expansion and assessment techniques are tragically not upto the mark. In this advanced world, 3D mammography algorithm is not used till now for identifying cancer expansion. A specialized algorithm called skeletonization algorithm is used after identifying the cancer in women’s breast and estimating the direction of spreading cancer and its malignancy. For this 2D and 3D breast images are taken for clinical experiment.