To demonstrate the Serial Learning-positioning among Early adolescents and Late Adolescents

Learning is a process of living that enables us to move forward in life. Learning is much deeper than just recalling and memorizing. Learning done on a daily basis involves understanding, relating opinions and making connective links between the information learnt previously with the new information learnt recently. There are various forms in which learning can be practiced. The aim of this research is to study about the memory and learning ability of Early and Late adolescents with regards to the objectives set to be; to differentiate the learning ability of Early and Late adolescents as well as to adhere to the early psychological research that was done on the memory power of different stages of Adolescents. The hypothesis of this study is that there will be a significant difference in learning between Early adolescents and the Late adolescents. 60 samples were taken, 30 in each group. The methodology used in this study are ‘serial leaning and serial positioning’ which were used to demonstrate how individuals of different ages can recall information associated with time delay of 10 minutes between serial learning (orderly manner) and serial positioning (disorderly manner). The groups were Early Adolescents and Late adolescents from an educational institute located around the college campus. Adolescents with physical disabilities were not included in the study and all the adolescents in this study are from an English medium institution. For the results, Standard deviation and t-test were used to score. The study was proven that Late adolescents have higher memory recall ability compared to that of the early adolescents.

The First Word Recalled Measure – A Potential Addition to Clinical Exams

Characterizing episodic memory abilities is highly important in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and usually includes wordlist learning and recall tasks. Clinical evaluations typically focus on the number of words recalled, ignoring additional information, like serial position. Here, we tested the potential value of two serial positioning measures for clinical diagnosis – how retrieval is initiated, as measured by the first word recalled, and how it proceeds – using data from patients with AD and MCI that completed a wordlist learning and recall task. Our results show that during the early stages of learning, patients with AD are less prone to retrieve the first word from the wordlist, manifested as lower primacy effect in the first word recalled, compared with MCI patients. The first word recalled measure adds to the differentiation between the groups over and above the total number of words learned. Thus, the first word recalled during word list learning and recall tasks may be used as a simple complementary measure to distinguish between MCI and AD during standard neuropsychological evaluations.

Mining serial positioning episode rules by natural exponent inertia weight based swallow swarm optimization algorithm with constraint based event sequences

The Frequent Episode Mining (FEM) is a challenging framework to identify frequent episodes from a sequence database. In a sequence, an ordered collection of events defines an episode, and frequent episodes are only considered by the earlier studies. Also, it doesn’t support for the serial based episode rule mining. In this work, the episode rules are mined with precise and serial based rule mining considering the temporal factor, so that, the occurrence time of the consequent is specified in contrast to the traditional episode rule mining. The proposed work has a larger number of candidates and specific time constraints to generate the fixed-gap episodes, and mining such episodes from whole sequence where the time span between any two events is a constant which is utilized to improve the proposed framework’s performance. In order to improve the efficiency, an Optimal Fixed-gap Episode Occurrence (OFEO) is performed using the Natural Exponent Inertia Weight based Swallow Swarm Optimization (NEIWSSO) algorithm. The temporal constraints significantly evaluate the effectiveness of episode mining, and a noticeable advantage of the present work is to generate optimal fixed-gap episodes for better prediction. The effective use of memory consumption and performance enhancement is achieved by developing new trie-based data structure for Mining Serial Positioning Episode Rules (MSPER) using a pruning method. The position of frequent events is updated in the precise-positioning episode rule trie instead of frequent events to reduce the memory space. The benchmark datasets Retail, Kosarak, and MSNBC is used to evaluate the proposed algorithm’s efficiency. Eventually, it is found that it outperforms the existing techniques with respect to memory consumption and execution time. On an average, the proposed algorithm achieves 28 times lesser execution time and consumes 45.5% less memory space for the highest minimum support value on the Retail dataset compared to existing methods.

The Violation Imperative Part 1: Allegations and Fraud

In recent decades, a number of high-profile cases involving fraud as research misconduct have been in the media and resulted in severe consequences for those convicted. According to the increased cases of allegations and coverage in the media, this reflects a heightened awareness that fraudulent actions exist.  Nonetheless, the Office of Research Integrity data suggests that despite the growth in the number of the cases of allegation there has not been a commensurate increase in findings of misconduct. The purpose of this paper is to explore misconduct to better understand what it entails. An analysis of misconduct from the perspective of the definitions of allegations and fraud of is conducted and potential frameworks for understanding both are considered. The paper considers serial-positioning effects of primacy and recency on allegation phenomena, as well as supervenience theory and contextualism as a lens for understanding fraud. Discussion of the relational semantics of the core aspects of fraud and de facto grouping of forms of misconduct.  It is concluded that the interrogative pronouns of “what” and “when” could be used to categorize forms of misconduct laying the foundation for the next paper that deconstructs the definition of falsification according to the Public Health Service.

Tolerance Synthesis of Mechanisms: A Robust Design Approach

The paper aims at dimensioning a mechanism in order to make it robust, and synthesizing its dimensional tolerances. The design of a mechanism is supposed to be robust when its performance is as little as sensitive as possible to variations. First, a distinction is made between three sets to formulate a robust design problem; (i) the set of Design Variables (DV) whose nominal values can be selected between a range of upper and lower bounds, they are controllable; (ii) the set of Design Parameters (DP) that cannot be adjusted by the designer, they are uncontrollable; (iii) the set of performance functions. DV are however under uncontrollable variations although their nominal value can be adjusted. Moreover, two methods are described to solve robust design problems. The first method is explicit and solves problems that aim at minimizing variations in performance. The second method, an optimization problem, aims at optimizing the performance and minimizing its variations, but only when the ranges of variations in DV and DP are known. Besides, we define and compare some robustness indices. From the explicit method, we develop a new tolerance synthesis method. Finally, three examples are included to illustrate these methods: a damper, a two-dof and a three-dof serial positioning manipulator.

Sites of Plasticity in the Neural Circuit Mediating Tentacle Withdrawal in the Snail Helix aspersa: Implications for Behavioral Change and Learning Kinetics

The tentacle withdrawal reflex of the snail Helix aspersa exhibits a complex combination of habituation and sensitization consistent with the dual-process theory of plasticity. Habituation, sensitization, or a combination of both were elicited by varying stimulation parameters and lesion condition. Analysis of response plasticity shows that the late phase of the response is selectively enhanced by sensitization, whereas all phases are decreased by habituation. Previous data have shown that tentacle withdrawal is mediated conjointly by parallel monosynaptic and polysynaptic pathways. The former mediates the early phase, whereas the latter mediates the late phase of the response. Plastic loci were identified by stimulating and recording at different points within the neural circuit, in combination with selective lesions. Results indicate that depression occurs at an upstream locus, before circuit divergence, and is therefore expressed in all pathways, whereas facilitation requires downstream facilitatory neurons and is selectively expressed in polysynaptic pathways. Differential expression of plasticity between pathways helps explain the behavioral manifestation of depression and facilitation. A simple mathematical model is used to show how serial positioning of depression and facilitation can explain the kinetics of dual-process learning. These results illustrate how the position of cellular plasticity in the network affects behavioral change and how forms of plasticity can interact to determine the kinetics of the net changes.