GC-MS Metabolite Profile and Identification of Unusual Homologous Cannabinoids in High Potency Cannabis sativa

Phytochemical investigation of the lipids extracted from seeds of Cannabis sativa by GC-MS showed 43 cannabinoids, 16 of which are new. The extract is dominated by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (A) and its neutral derivative trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-C5 (THC) Cis and trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-C7 isomers with an ethyl-pentyl branched chain together with minor amounts of trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol with a methyl-pentyl C6 branched side chain were identified as new natural compounds. Four cannabichromene isomers with a C5 side chain are postulated to be derived from the double bond migration at the terminal isoprenyl unit. C7 cannabichromene together with the neutral and acidic forms of cannabinol-C7 were also detected. The mass spectrum of these homologues as trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives are presented, and the fragmentation patterns are discussed.

Sugar profile determination of four pure Greek honeys by gas-chromatography

Honey sugar determination was performed by using a combination of two methods (Iverson & Bueno, 1981 and Pierce no. 16, 1990) with some modifications. The proposed by Pierce method no.16, has been designed to assist in the routine determination of sugars in food products and syrups. Sugars are treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and the resulting oximes are converted to trimethylsilyl ethers by direct silylation with TMS. The derivatives are then determined by gas-chromatography with flame ionization detector and sugar oxime-TMS derivatives are quantitative and reproducible. This reaction is fast and simple, the results are quantitatively reproducible and multiple peaks due to the tautomeric forms of reducing sugars, which produced by direct TMS derivatization, are eliminated. From the honey samples analyzed it has been determined that only fir-tree honey contains trisaccharides with higher percentages that of melezitose.

Analysis and glycosyl composition of the exopolysaccharide isolated from submerged fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum CG144

The evaluation of glycosyl composition is an essential step to guide future research designs applied in bioactivity. In the same way, the unexplored potential bioactivity of exopolysaccharide from <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> is huge. Therefore, this study investigated the glycosyl composition of the exopolysaccharide isolated from submerged fermentation of <em>G. lucidum</em> to serve as guide for future studies on bioactivity. Glycosyl content and composition were evaluated by combined GC/MS of the TMS derivatives of the monosaccharide methyl glycosides produced from the sample by acidic methanolysis. Glycosyl composition analysis showed that the dominant carbohydrate component in all samples of exopolysaccharide isolated from submerged fermentation of <em>G. lucidum</em> CG 144 was glucose (58.1%), mannose (26.6%) and galactose (12.5%) which can be referred to as heteroglycan. These results suggest that this <em>Ganoderma</em> exopolysaccharide may be a new immunomodulatory agent.