Variation in IgE binding potencies of seven Artemisia species depending on content of major allergens

Background Artemisia weed pollen allergy is important in the northern hemisphere. While over 350 species of this genus have been recorded, there has been no full investigation into whether different species may affect the allergen diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the variations in amino acid sequences and the content of major allergens, and how these affect specific IgE binding capacity in representative Artemisia species. Methods Six representative Artemisia species from China and Artemisia vulgaris from Europe were used to determine allergen amino acid sequences by transcriptome, gene sequencing and mass spectrometry of the purified allergen component proteins. Sandwich ELISAs were developed and applied for Art v 1, Art v 2 and Art v 3 allergen quantification in different species. Aqueous pollen extracts and purified allergen components were used to assess IgE binding by ELISA and ImmunoCAP with mugwort allergic patient serum pools and individual sera from five areas in China. Results The Art v 1 and Art v 2 homologous allergen sequences in the seven Artemisia species were highly conserved. Art v 3 type allergens in A. annua and A. sieversiana were more divergent compared to A. argyi and A. vulgaris. The allergen content of Art v 1 group in the seven extracts ranged from 3.4% to 7.1%, that of Art v 2 from 1.0% to 3.6%, and Art v 3 from 0.3% to 10.5%. The highest IgE binding potency for most Chinese Artemisia allergy patients was with A. annua pollen extract, followed by A. vulgaris and A. argyi, with A. sieversiana significantly lower. Natural Art v 1-3 isoallergens from different species have almost equivalent IgE binding capacity in Artemisia allergic patients from China. Conclusion and clinical relevance There was high sequence similarity but different content of the three group allergens from different Artemisia species. Choice of Artemisia annua and A. argyi pollen source for diagnosis and immunotherapy is recommended in China.

Exequatur de laudos arbitrales extranjeros en España: comentario al auto del TSJ de Murcia de 12 de abril de 2019 = Exequatur of foreign arbitral awards in Spain: commentary to the decision of the High Court of Justice of Murcia of 12th April 2019

Resumen: En el Auto del TSJ de Murcia de 12 de abril de 2019 se acuerda conceder al exequatur en España de un laudo arbitral dictado en Colombia, solicitado por la parte demandante Productos Florida, S.A. Los motivos de denegación del exequatur que son alegados por la parte demandada, AMC JUICES, S.L y que son objeto de análisis son: a) Sentencia arbitral no obligatoria para las partes o que ha sido anulada o suspendida por una autoridad competente del país en que, o conforme a cuya Ley, ha sido dictada esa sentencia (art. V.1.e) Convenio de Nueva York de 1958); b) Reconocimiento o ejecución del laudo arbitral contrarios al orden público del Estado requerido (art. V.2.b) Convenio de Nueva York de 1958). En definitiva, la postura de los tribunales españoles en relación con el Convenio de Nueva York de 10 de junio de 1958 sobre el reconocimiento y ejecución de las sentencias arbitrales extranjeras, es la de favorecer el reconocimiento y ejecución de laudos arbitrales, de manera que sólo rechazan el exequatur de un laudo arbitral por motivos muy claros y evidentes.Palabras clave: laudos arbitrales extranjeros, convenios arbitrales, reconocimiento y ejecución, exequatur, Convenio de Nueva York de 1958, Ley española de Arbitraje de 2003. Abstract: In decision of the High Court of Murcia of 12th April 2019, it is agreed the exequatur in Spain of an foreign arbitral award issued in Colombia, requested by the plaintiff Productos Florida, S.A. The grounds for refusal of the exequatur that are alleged by the defendant, AMC JUICES, S.L. and that are subject to analysis are: a) The award has not yet become binding on the parties, or has been set aside or suspended by a competent authority of the country in which, or under the law of which, that award was made. (art. V.1.e) New York Convention of 1958); b) Recognition or enforcement of the foreign arbitral awards would be contrary to its public policy (art. V.2.b) New York Convention of 1958). In short, the position of the Spanish courts in relation to The New York Convention of June 10, 1958 on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, is to favor the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, so that only they reject the exequatur of an arbitral award for very clear and obvious reasons. Keywords: foreign arbitral awards, arbitral clauses, recognition and enforcement, exequatur, New York Convention of 10 june 1958, Spanish arbitration law of 2003.

Similar Allergenicity to Different Artemisia Species Is a Consequence of Highly Cross-Reactive Art v 1-Like Molecules

Background and objectives: Pollens of weeds are relevant elicitors of type I allergies. While many Artemisia species occur worldwide, allergy research so far has only focused on Artemisia vulgaris. We aimed to characterize other prevalent Artemisia species regarding their allergen profiles. Materials and Methods: Aqueous extracts of pollen from seven Artemisia species were characterized by gel electrophoresis and ELISA using sera from mugwort pollen-allergic patients (n = 11). The cDNA sequences of defensin–proline-linked proteins (DPLPs) were obtained, and purified proteins were tested in a competition ELISA, in rat basophil mediator release assays, and for activation of Jurkat T cells transduced with an Art v 1-specific TCR. IgE cross-reactivity to other allergens was evaluated using ImmunoCAP and ISAC. Results: The protein patterns of Artemisia spp. pollen extracts were similar in gel electrophoresis, with a major band at 24 kDa corresponding to DPLPs, like the previously identified Art v 1. Natural Art v 1 potently inhibited IgE binding to immobilized pollen extracts. Six novel Art v 1 homologs with high sequence identity and equivalent IgE reactivity were identified and termed Art ab 1, Art an 1, Art c 1, Art f 1, Art l 1, and Art t 1. All proteins triggered mediator release and cross-reacted at the T cell level. The Artemisia extracts contained additional IgE cross-reactive molecules from the nonspecific lipid transfer protein, pectate lyase, profilin, and polcalcin family. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that DPLPs in various Artemisia species have high allergenic potential. Therefore, related Artemisia species need to be considered to be allergen elicitors, especially due to the consideration of potential geographic expansion due to climatic changes.