European Identity between Religiousness and Secularity

The role of religion in the structure of European identity was not on the top of agenda before the discussion of the Constitution project, but in the light of the intensive migration and Brexit this question appears to be more and more important. The issue of the interconnection between religion and European identity has several dimensions: the role of believing and belonging as well as Christianity and it forms in construction and functioning of European identity and feeling of Europeanness. The correlation analysis of Eurobarometer data (2009-2019), European Value Study (2d and 3d waves) and World Value Survey (1st-6th waves) data allows us to prove that, being secular in its roots, European identity has intense ties with religiousness. Religion appears to be a factor of European identity not within any confession, but more as a faith. Nevertheless, correlation analysis also demonstrates differences in the influence of Christian confessions on the ones self-identification as European, which allows to look wider at the religion function in European Identity and claimed European values (mainly of secular and Enlightenment origin) in historical retrospective. This means that religion perspective not only reopens the discussion of the substance of being European, but also is one of key approaches to the urgent issues of peaceful group coexistence within European Union.

Theoretical and experimental investigations of wave field around vessel in shallow water

Un-running vessel at the shallow-water road anchorage is under exposure to waves that come at arbitrary angle from the high sea. 3D waves from deep-sea area become practically 2D when entering shallow water. While mean periods are kept, waves become shorter and their crests become higher and sharpener than for deep-water ones. As a result of diffraction of waves that come from the deep-water sea at the vessel, a transformation zone appears where waves become 3D again. Dimensions of the waves’ transformation zone, character and height of waves in this zone specify safety of auxiliary crafts, e.g. tugboats, bunker vessels, pilot and road crafts, oil garbage collectors and boom crafts. In the complex 3D waves the trajectory of auxiliary vessel’s movement has to be safe, vessel’s motions have to be moderate. Besides waves’ height is one of the parameters that are used for forecast of movement of spilled oil. Last years the biggest part examination of waves’ problems was devoted to estimation of waves’ impact onto stationary or floating shelf facilities. For validity estimation, waves’ characteristics defined due to different theories, are compared with experimental ones. But characteristics of the waves around shelf facilities are hardly able to be compared to same ones of waves around bodies with vessel-type shape. At the experiments with vessels’ models, waves’ impact onto vessel was examined, but not the transformation of the waves themselves. So, comparing of waves area’s characteristics defined by both theoretical experimental ways is an actual problem. Aim of the paper is verification of results of wave area investigation; wave area is located around a vessel that is exposed of arbitrary angle waves at shallow water conditions. Description of experimental investigations of transformed waves in the towing tank is done; transformation zone appears around vessel’s model while running waves diffract on it. Distribution of waves’ amplitudes at the designated points was fixed by the special designed and manufactured unit. Experimental data is compared with computation results both of linear and non-linear theories. It was assumed that experimental results and theoretical data satisfactory meet each other; also that non-linear computations define the maximal values of waves’ amplitudes at all cases.

Numerical simulation of K-, N- and O-regime boundary-layer transition at early nonlinear stage

Boundary layer transition is usually associated with the amplification and breakdown of three-dimensional waves (3D waves). However, the details of the development of 3D waves in different transition regimes are not well resolved. The present study attempts to examine the transition process at early nonlinear stages of K-, N-, and O-regimes by the solution of nonlinear parabolized stability equations (NPSE). The spatial and temporal variations of streamwise velocity are compared at the one-spike stage. Timelines and material surfaces are presented using Lagrangian tracking method. The development of 3D waves are observed to contribute to the upward lift and downward sweep of flow behaviors, causing inflectional regions in the boundary layer. The evolution of material surfaces reveals that the nonlinear 3D wave manifests as a warped wave front in the near-wall region and as a soliton-like structure at the upper region of the boundary layer. The 3D wave structure is hypothesized as a soliton-like coherent structure. Markedly similar flow behaviors are observed between the regimes, which indicates a similar underlying physical mechanism.

Numerical Modelling of Wave Run-Up on a Wind Turbine Foundation

This paper presents the results of a CFD model of the wave run-up on a monopile. The monopile is widely used as the foundation unit for offshore wind turbines. The aim for the calculations is to make a detailed investigation of the effect of three-dimensional (3D) waves on the run-up and to determine the maximum wave run-up. The CFD results are compared with the results of physical model tests conducted under the same conditions. The model tests were conducted under idealized conditions: The tests were carried out on a horizontal bottom using phase and directional focused waves to obtain a 3D effect and at the same time being able to control the breaking. The key objective of this part of the numerical analysis is to develop a model capable of reproducing the results of the physical model tests.

Fast Simulations of Waves in Three-Dimensional Excitable Media

A fast numerical scheme based on the model of Barkley [Physica 49D (1991), 61] is extended to three space dimensions (3D). The original time-stepping scheme is improved to provide greater accuracy and a 19-point approximation for the Laplacian operator in 3D is shown to have significant advantages over the commonly used 7-point formula. Simulations are coupled to a state-of-the-art surface rendering algorithm such that the combined code allows real-time interactive simulations of 3D waves on a desktop workstation. Results are presented from simulations over a range of spatio-temporal resolutions, from coarse cellular-automaton type simulations to fully resolved simulations of the underlying partial differential equations.