PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR E-LKPD BERBASIS PENGERINGAN IKAN ASIN PADA MATERI SUHU DAN KALOR FISIKA SMA

The research carried out aims to develop teaching materials that are sontextual local wisdom in order to attract student in learning. The teaching materials that will be developed in this research are e-LKPD based on drying salted fish on temperatured and heat materials. The research method used in this research in the ADDIE development model. The ADDIE development model has five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and evaluation. The research steps are carried out in accordanse with the ADDIE satges. The results of the research conducted, namely at the analysis stage, it was found that the lack of use of alternative teaching materials such as e-LKPD made student less interested during the learning process. Teaching materials that contain observation activities are meeded to improve psychomotor skills in students so that in this study the e-LKPD was developed by containing a simple experiment on drying salted fish. Preparation or writing of e-LKPD materials using the 3d pageflip application. This applicatin has the adavantage of complete features that make the 3d effect look real. This 3d pageflip appication requires a number of computer devices to use and the installation process is quite long. The constraints of this research are that the computer equipment owned by the researcher does not support the isntallation of the 3d pagefip application, the limited time of the study, and the limitation of the researcher in usng the 3d pageflip applicatin so that the research is only carried out until the sdesign stage.

Large-scale Vortices in Rapidly Rotating Rayleigh–Bénard Convection at Small Prandtl number

One prominent feature in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn is the appearance of large-scale vortices (LSVs). However, the mechanism that sustains these LSVs remains unclear. One possible mechanism is that these LSVs are driven by rotating convection. Here, we present numerical simulation results on a rapidly rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection at a small Prandtl number Pr = 0.1 (close to the turbulent Prandtl numbers of Jupiter and Saturn). We identified four flow regimes in our simulation: multiple small vortices, a coexisting large-scale cyclone and anticyclone, large-scale cyclone, and turbulence. The formation of LSVs requires that two conditions be satisfied: the vertical Reynolds number is large ( Re z ≥ 400 ), and the Rossby number is small (Ro ≤ 0.4). A large-scale cyclone first appears when Ro decreases to be smaller than 0.4. When Ro further decreases to be smaller than 0.1, a coexisting large-scale cyclone and anticyclone emerges. We have studied the heat transfer in rapidly rotating convection. The result reveals that the heat transfer is more efficient in the anticyclonic region than in the cyclonic region. Besides, we find that the 2D effect increases and the 3D effect decreases in transporting convective flux as the rotation rate increases. We find that aspect ratio has an effect on the critical Rossby number in the emergence of LSVs. Our results provide helpful insights into understanding the dynamics of LSVs in gas giants.

Sluice Gate Discharge From Momentum Balance

Discharge from sluice gate flows is commonly calculated using the Torricelli outflow velocity, which is inaccurate and must be corrected by a discharge coefficient. Moreover, this approach commonly only considers the relative gate opening, without including the impact of 3D effects, scaling effects, different velocity profiles and friction forces. Aiming for a theoretical approach that can address all flow effects for sluice gate discharge calculations, the authors applied the momentum balance theory to this problem. First the control volume was introduced and parameterization equations for the pressure distributions and momentum coefficients at the control volume borders for both the standard and the inclined sluice gates were determined using CFD simulations. The results show good agreements with the discharge measurement results of frequently quoted experimental studies from other authors, demonstrating the potential of this approach. Also, one example of the impact of the 3D effect of various channels widths was investigated with the momentum balance theory.

Holographic 3D Display Using Depth Maps Generated by 2D-to-3D Rendering Approach

Holographic display has the potential to be utilized in many 3D application scenarios because it provides all the depth cues that human eyes can perceive. However, the shortage of 3D content has limited the application of holographic 3D displays. To enrich 3D content for holographic display, a 2D to 3D rendering approach is presented. In this method, 2D images are firstly classified into three categories, including distant view images, perspective view images and close-up images. For each category, the computer-generated depth map (CGDM) is calculated using a corresponding gradient model. The resulting CGDMs are applied in a layer-based holographic algorithm to obtain computer-generated holograms (CGHs). The correctly reconstructed region of the image changes with the reconstruction distance, providing a natural 3D display effect. The realistic 3D effect makes the proposed approach can be applied in many applications, such as education, navigation, and health sciences in the future.

Numerical Investigation on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Immersed Buoyant Platform

The Next Generation Subsea Production System (NextGen SPS) is considered as a competitive alternative system used for offshore petroleum production in ultra-deep sea based on the artificial seabed technology. The Immersed Buoyant Platform (IBP), which is located at a constant depth below the free surface of the water to minimize wave loading, provides a buoyant stable platform for supporting the well completion equipment. Therefore, the hydrodynamic characteristics of IBP in the currents play an essential role in determining the global responses of NextGen SPS. In this paper, aiming at acquiring an optimum structural form of IBP, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow past the cylindrical IBP with different height-to-diameter ratios are systematically investigated by use of the large eddy simulation (LES) approach. The simulations with fifteen different height-to-diameter ratios (H/D) are investigated. The Reynolds numbers are ranged from 0.94×106 to 3.45×106. It can be verified that the separated fluid reattaches on the surface of the cylinder when the aspect ratio is between 0.1 and 0.4. Due to the specific shape ratio and obvious 3D effect of the cylindrical IBP, no significant vortex shedding has been clearly observed when the aspect ratio is between 0.1 and 0.4. In the case of 0.4≤H/D≤5.0, a series of regular and alternating vortex street shedding appear behind the circular cylinder. The simulation results also show that the recirculation region length behind the cylindrical IBP can be significantly reduced with the decreasing aspect ratio. It can be concluded that the cylindrical IBP performs the best hydrodynamic characteristics when the aspect ratio is between 0.3 and 0.4. The research findings will be of great significance to providing valuable reference and foundation to determine the optimum form of underwater structures, such as the buoyancy cans of the hybrid riser system.

3D endoscopy shows enhanced anatomical details and depth perception vs 2D: a multicentre study

Purpose The current standard endoscopic technique is a high resolution visualisation up to Full HD and even 4 K. A recent development are 3D endoscopes providing a 3-dimensional picture, which supposedly gives additional information of depth, anatomical details and orientation in the surgical field. Since the 3D-endoscopic technique is new, little scientific evidence is known whether the new technique provides advantages for the surgeon compared to the 2D-endoscopic standard technique in FESS. This study compares the standard 2D-endoscopic surgical technique with the new commercially available 3D-endoscopic technique. Methods The prospective randomized interventional multicenter study included a total of 80 referred patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyps without prior surgery. A bilateral FESS procedure was performed, one side with the 2D-endoscopic technique, the other side with the 3D-endoscopic technique. The time of duration was measured. Additionally, a questionnaire containing 20 items was completed by 4 different surgeons judging subjective impression of visualisation and handling. Results 2D imaging was superior to 3D apart from “recognition of details”, “depth perception” and “3D effect”. For usability properties 2D was superior to 3D apart from “weight of endoscopes”. Mean duration for surgery was 26.1 min for 2D and 27.4 min. for 3D without statistical significance (P = 0.219). Conclusion Three-dimensional endoscopy features improved depth perception and recognition of anatomic details but worse overall picture quality. It is useful for teaching purposes, yet 2D techniques provide a better outcome in terms of feasibility for routine endoscopic approaches.

Modelling of Fracture Toughness of X80 Pipeline Steels in DTB Transition Region Involving the Effect of Temperature and Crack Growth

This work presents an investigation of the effects of temperature and crack growth on cleavage fracture toughness for weld thermal simulated X80 pipeline steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) regime. A great bulk of fracture toughness (crack tip opening displacement—CTOD) tests and numerical simulations are carried out by deep-cracked single-edge-notched bending (SENB) and shallow-cracked single-edge-notched tension (SENT) specimens at various temperatures (−90 °C, −60 °C, −30 °C, and 0 °C). Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of tested specimens have been employed to obtain computational data. The results show that temperature exerts only a slight effect on the material hardening behavior, which indicates the crack tip constraint (as denoted by Q-parameter) is less dependent on the temperature. The measured CTOD-values give considerable scatter but confirm well-established trends of increasing toughness with increasing temperature and reducing constraint. Crack growth and 3D effect exhibited significant influences on CTOD-CMOD relations at higher temperatures, −30 °C and 0 °C for the SENT specimen.

Design and Implementation of 3D Effect Web Page Based on JavaScript Technology

With the development of Internet technology, people's production and life are greatly influenced. Web design is widely used in Internet world. Web design and user experience are inseparable. In the pursuit of webpage layout and aesthetics, but also to add user interaction functions, Dynamic effects technology based on JavaScript can achieve user interaction requirements. The perfect combination of JavaScript dynamic effects and interactive features is the best way to achieve webpage effects. This paper expounds the application method of JavaScript, and studies the special effect application of JavaScript technology in webpages through examples.