A New Source for the Study of Ust-Tsilma Bylinas (Russian Heroic Epics): The 1975 Recording of Ivan Ivanovich Chuprov

Данная публикация знакомит с новыми источниками изучения эпической традиции Усть-Цилемского района Республики Коми (бассейн реки Печоры). Это магнитофонные записи двух былин, полученные Фольклорным архивом Сыктывкарского государственного университета им. Питирима Сорокина в конце 2018 г. Былины «Добрыня Никитич и Алеша Попович» (365 стихов) и «Ставр Годинович» (фрагмент, 62 стиха) были исполнены жителем села Усть-Цильма, 83-летним Иваном Ивановичем Чупровым (1892-1983), по просьбе его внучки Татьяны Петряшевой (Татьяны Михайловны Котельниковой), запись была сделана ею в 1975 г. Введение этих материалов в научный оборот чрезвычайно актуально, поскольку к настоящему времени изданы практически все выявленные исследователями записи былин Печоры, а новые материалы позволят дополнить и список сказителей, и базу текстов двух сюжетов для сравнительного изучения. В сопроводительной статье представлена история получения материалов, сведения о сказителе и комментарий к обоим произведениям, явившийся результатом сравнительного анализа с другими печорскими вариантами. Авторами были выделены наиболее заметные отличия на сюжетно-мотивном уровне и редкие и уникальные поэтические детали. Текстовые расшифровки звукозаписей публикуются с нотировками, выполненными Е. А. Дороховой. This publication introduces a new source for studying the epic tradition of the Ust-Tsilma District of the Komi Republic (Pechora River Basin). This is the tape recording of two bylinas obtained by the Folklore Archive of the Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University at the end of 2018. The bylinas “Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich” (365 verses) and “Stavr Godinovich” (fragment, 62 verses) were performed by a resident of Ust-Tsilma Village, 83-year-old Ivan Ivanovich Chuprov (1892-1983) at the request of his granddaughter Tatyana Petryasheva (Tatyana Mikhailovna Kotelnikova). She made the recording in 1975. The introduction of this material into scientific circulation is relevant due to the fact that by now almost all known records of Pechora bylinas identified by researchers have been published, and the new material will add to the corpus of texts of the two stories, making them available for comparative study. The article presents the history of obtaining these recordings, information about the storyteller, and commentary on both works based on comparison with other Pechora variants, as a result of which the most noticeable differences at the plot-motive level and in unique poetic details are highlighted. Text transcripts of the audio recordings are appended, with commentary by E. A. Dorokhova.

CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL DENUDATION INTENSITY IN THE RIVER PECHORA CATCHMENT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NON-STATIONARY CLIMATE AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Introduction. Climate warming, which is currently observed in the Arctic, has the potential to intensify chemical denudation in river basins partially or completely located within permafrost. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the longterm dynamics of the rivers’ ion runoff in the Pechora River basin, 42 % of which are located within permafrost. Methods. To study changes in the chemical denudation intensity in nonstationary climate, we analyzed data of systematic observations over the main ion concentrations from 1985 to 2017 in the Pechora River outlet (Naryan-Mar) and its tributaries (Usa, Adzva, Kolva, Sula rivers). The intensity of chemical denudation in the Pechora River basin was assessed in terms of ion runoff. The probable reasons for its changes — water content and concentrations of macrocomponents — were also analyzed. Results. The ion-salt composition of Pechora River water is mainly determined by the dissolution of carbonate minerals in the underlying rocks. Calculations and comparison of ion runoff moduli showed that the studied rivers are comparable in terms of the chemical denudation intensity in catchments. The exceptions were the Sula and Kolva rivers, where, with the river runoff, a relatively high amount of chlorides and hydrocarbonates is carried. Contrary to the initial assumptions about the possible intensification of the chemical denudation process under the conditions of climate warming, we found a decrease in the sulfate runoff moduli in all rivers. In addition to that, individual changes in the runoff moduli for other main ions are observed for the studied rivers. Conclusion. In modern conditions, the chemical denudation intensity remains at the level of the end of the last century, and the long-term dynamics of the Pechora River ion runoff correlates in time with the variability of anthropogenic factors, in particular, wet sulfate deposition with atmospheric waters.

The Barents Ice Sheet as a Relay Regulator of Glacial-Interglacial Alternation

A slight cooling can induce the formation of ice sheets in the Scandinavian mountains and in the American Arctic. The increasing albedo and the appearance of cold air masses above the glaciers cause glaciation to spread over a vast area. As a result, the sea level lowers and a large part of the Barents and Kara seabeds dries up. Ice sheets are formed there, which spread over the northeastern part of the Kola Peninsula, the Pechora River basin, and over northwestern Siberia. The glacier barrier extending nearly from the North Pole to central Europe hinders latitudinal atmospheric circulation. Precipitation decreases sharply in the areas east and southeast of the glaciers. As a consequence, glaciers in the mid-latitudes retreat and sea level rises. Increased iceberg formation is induced in the periphery of the Barents Ice Sheet, causing it to disappear. An interglacial sets in.