Preface

When I was 17, my father brought me a tape recording of exploding bombs from Sarajevo. He was a sound technician for the French state radio, and he traveled the world reporting on wars, presidents’ visits, and revolutions. On the nights he returned home, he would always lay out the presents and memorabilia he had collected during his trip on our big wooden table. Then he would hold up each item and explain what it was, how he came by it, and what it meant. He would let me sample all of the strange food he had brought back (Japanese crackers, South African jerky, Lebanese pastries, American gummy burger candies) and he would laugh at the faces I made when I didn’t like the taste. Through these moments with my dad, I discovered new cuisines, new countries, new people, new cultures—each more fascinating than the one before....

Left Atrial Strain Identifies Increased Atrial Ectopy in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major

Patients with beta-thalassemia major (β-ΤΜ) may develop cardiac arrhythmias through a multifactorial mechanism. The current study evaluated the association of cardiac structure and function on echocardiography with atrial ectopic burden on 24-hour tape recording in β-ΤΜ patients. This prospective study included consecutive β-ΤΜ patients. Demographic, laboratory, echocardiographic, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T2* and 24-hour tape recording data were prospectively collected. The patients were classified according to the median value of premature atrial contractions (PACs) on 24-hour tape. In total, 50 β-TM patients (37.6 ± 9.1 years old, 50% male) were divided in 2 groups; PACs ≤ 24/day and > 24/day. Patients with PACs > 24/day were treated with blood transfusion for a longer period of time (39.0 ± 8.6 vs. 32.0 ± 8.9 years, p < 0.007), compared to their counterparts. Older age (OR: 1.121, 95% CI: 1.032–1.217, p = 0.007), longer duration of blood transfusion (OR:1.101, 95% CI:1.019–1.188, p = 0.014), larger LV end-diastolic diameter (OR: 4.522, 95% CI:1.009–20.280, p = 0.049), higher values of LA peak systolic strain (OR: 0.869, 95% CI: 0.783–0.964, p = 0.008), higher MV E/E′ average (OR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.028–1.926, p = 0.033) and higher right ventricular systolic pressure (OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.039–1.266, p = 0.006) were univariably associated with PACs > 24/day. LA peak systolic strain remained significantly associated with PACs > 24/day after adjusting for the duration of blood transfusions or for CMR T2*. The multivariable model including blood transfusion duration and LA peak systolic strain was the most closely associated with PACs > 24/day. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a left atrial peak systolic strain of 31.5%, as the best cut-off value (83% sensitivity, 68% specificity) for prediction of PACs > 24/day. In β-TM patients, LA peak systolic strain was associated with the atrial arrhythmia burden independently to the duration of blood transfusions and CMR T2*.

A New Source for the Study of Ust-Tsilma Bylinas (Russian Heroic Epics): The 1975 Recording of Ivan Ivanovich Chuprov

Данная публикация знакомит с новыми источниками изучения эпической традиции Усть-Цилемского района Республики Коми (бассейн реки Печоры). Это магнитофонные записи двух былин, полученные Фольклорным архивом Сыктывкарского государственного университета им. Питирима Сорокина в конце 2018 г. Былины «Добрыня Никитич и Алеша Попович» (365 стихов) и «Ставр Годинович» (фрагмент, 62 стиха) были исполнены жителем села Усть-Цильма, 83-летним Иваном Ивановичем Чупровым (1892-1983), по просьбе его внучки Татьяны Петряшевой (Татьяны Михайловны Котельниковой), запись была сделана ею в 1975 г. Введение этих материалов в научный оборот чрезвычайно актуально, поскольку к настоящему времени изданы практически все выявленные исследователями записи былин Печоры, а новые материалы позволят дополнить и список сказителей, и базу текстов двух сюжетов для сравнительного изучения. В сопроводительной статье представлена история получения материалов, сведения о сказителе и комментарий к обоим произведениям, явившийся результатом сравнительного анализа с другими печорскими вариантами. Авторами были выделены наиболее заметные отличия на сюжетно-мотивном уровне и редкие и уникальные поэтические детали. Текстовые расшифровки звукозаписей публикуются с нотировками, выполненными Е. А. Дороховой. This publication introduces a new source for studying the epic tradition of the Ust-Tsilma District of the Komi Republic (Pechora River Basin). This is the tape recording of two bylinas obtained by the Folklore Archive of the Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University at the end of 2018. The bylinas “Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich” (365 verses) and “Stavr Godinovich” (fragment, 62 verses) were performed by a resident of Ust-Tsilma Village, 83-year-old Ivan Ivanovich Chuprov (1892-1983) at the request of his granddaughter Tatyana Petryasheva (Tatyana Mikhailovna Kotelnikova). She made the recording in 1975. The introduction of this material into scientific circulation is relevant due to the fact that by now almost all known records of Pechora bylinas identified by researchers have been published, and the new material will add to the corpus of texts of the two stories, making them available for comparative study. The article presents the history of obtaining these recordings, information about the storyteller, and commentary on both works based on comparison with other Pechora variants, as a result of which the most noticeable differences at the plot-motive level and in unique poetic details are highlighted. Text transcripts of the audio recordings are appended, with commentary by E. A. Dorokhova.

“We Should Have Had a Historian”: Live Television and the Accident of the Moon Landing Tapes

Forty years after the first moon landing in 1969, National Aeronautics and Space Administration announced that it had likely recycled the tapes containing the original footage of the landing. Although the mission was a monumental event viewed by millions of people around the world, the production and handling of the recorded materials was a matter of little concern to more than a small group of employees, historians, and space enthusiasts. This article argues that despite the fact that the erasure of these archival materials was accidental, it was not an accident per se but rather a fulfillment of a logic designed into the apparatus of magnetic tape recording from its very inception, and therefore a generative event for the media archeologist. By evoking histories and theories of broadcast and magnetic recording, I argue that erasure is a process that discloses networks of economic, cultural, material, and aesthetic discourses and interests.

On the Moraic Weight Representation of Geminates in Taguinian Algerian Arabic

This study sheds light on the moraic representation of geminates in Taguinian Spoken Arabic (TSA), a dialect of Algerian Arabic. The examined data were primarily provided by the first researcher who is a native speaker of the variety under scrutiny. To increase data reliability, the spontaneous speech of five Taguinian native speakers was analyzed by means of note taking and tape recording. The researchers support geminates’ moraicity in TSA by proffering three pieces of evidence, namely bimoraic word minimality condition, word stress, and long vowel shortening before geminates. A systematic analysis of the data via the use of optimality framework comes out with the following findings. First, the presence of CVG words demonstrates that geminates, in this variety, are underlyingly weight bearing since the minimal size of prosodic words is bimoraic. Second, the mechanism by which stress is attracted to CVG syllables proves that CVG syllables are heavy syllables wherein its second mora is carried by the geminate consonant. Third, the non-cooccurrence of long vowels and geminate consonants within the same syllable is another proof for the moraicity of geminates as trimoraic syllables are banned in TSA.

Recording “Foggy Mountain Breakdown”

Flatt and Scruggs went into Herzog Studios in Cincinnati, Ohio, on December 11, 1949, to record his recently composed tune “Foggy Mountain Breakdown,” the first instrumental recording for Flatt and Scruggs. E. T. (Bud) Herzog had started the studio a few years earlier, attracting name artists such as Patti Page and Hank Williams. Producer Murray Nash used the new medium of magnetic tape recording at the sessions, almost certainly using several microphones to achieve a widely praised sound. Nash, from the Midwest, had quickly gotten up to speed on the record industry, which was growing quickly following the end of the union ban on live recording and with the postwar growth of the economy.

Sound Shift and Metathesis in Three Pre-School Nasiriya Iraqi Arabic Children: A Case Study

This study is a case study which describes the speech of three pre-school Nasiriya Iraqi Arabic children. The data of this study are collected through tape-recording them. Through the analysis, it is concluded that the phonetic processes which exist in the informants&rsquo; speech include assimilation, elision, gemination, nasalization and tafxiim and the main ones are sound shift and metathesis. It has been noted that the study informants pronounce some consonants which are difficult to be pronounced by other children living in the same city; those consonants are either regularly shifted to in the production of other consonants or as part of ordinary words containing such sounds. Sometimes, more than one process is available in the production of some words. The consonantal changes existing in the informants&rsquo; speech are many compared with the vocalic ones which are very few.

Denasalisation in the spoken French of Ijebu undergraduate French learners in selected universities in south West of Nigeria

Denasalisation is a lexical phenomenon brought into play during the process of lexicalisation while nasalisation is a natural process which occurs when an oral sound is modified in the environment of an adjacent nasal sound. Little attention is paid to the former because phonologists admit that nasalisation is more natural during speech production. This paper, therefore, examined denasalisation in the spoken French of 50 Ijebu Undergraduate French Learners (IUFLs) in Selected Universities in South West of Nigeria with a view to establishing instances of denasalisation in their spoken French. Data collection for this study was through tape-recording of participants’ production of 30 sentences containing French vowel and consonant sounds. Goldsmith’s Autosegmental phonology blended with distinctive feature theory was used to analyse instances of denasalisation in the data collected. The study revealed instances of denasalisation of nasal sounds at initial and final positions in the spoken French of the IUFLs.Keywords: IUFLs, Denasalisation, Autosegmental Phonology, French as Foreign language

ANALISIS KESALAHAN BAHASA PADA PERCAKAPAN BAHASA ARAB MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB (PBA) INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN) METRO TAHUN AKADEMIK 2017/2018

This study aimed at classifying the kinds of errors in Arabic conversations of students majoring in Arabic at the State Islamic Institute of Metro in Academic Year 2017/2018, describing the frequency of the language errors, and explaining the factors that caused the language error. The data were collected through observation, field notes, and tape recording. The results showed that errors in Arabic conversations of students majoring in Arabic at the State Islamic Institute of Metro in Academic Year 2017/2018 can be classified in three kinds of languages errors, namely: (1) the pronunciation errors, (2) the morphology errors, and (3) the syntax errors. On the kind of pronunciation errors, the highest frequency of errors occurred at pronunciation of / ض /, / ث /, / ع /, and / ذ /. On the kind of morphology errors, the highest frequency of errors occurred at tashrif fi’il madhiy and tashrif fi’il mudhari'. On the kind of syntax errors, the highest frequency of errors occurred at the structure of mudhaf-mudhaf ilaih, na'at-man’ut, and jar-majrur. The factors that caused the pronunciation errors can be categorized as the inter-language errors. While the factors that caused morphology errors and syntax errors can be categorized as the intra-lingual errors.